Inoculation for Anthrax and Quarter HI. 453 
swelling of some parts of the limbs or trunk, the first manifes- 
tations, generally terminate in death in from seven to fifty 
hours. On removal of the skin covering the swelling, the 
underlying tissues are found very dark in colour, and on being 
cut into, much serosity exudes. The rapidity of its course, and the 
remarkable change in structure referred to, have caused Quarter 
111 to be commonly mistaken for and confounded with " An- 
thrax " proper. Though contagious, and belonging to the same 
class, the essential features of the two diseases are absolutely 
distinctive. Both are induced only by the entrance of minute 
organisms (bacilli) into the healthy body. 
The bacillus to which Quarter 111 is attributed is stouter than 
that of Anthrax, and rounded at its extremities. The anthrax 
bacillus requires the presence of oxygen for the manifestation of 
its vital phenomena^ and when viewed under the microscope, 
shows no motion of its own. The Quarter-Ill bacillus, on the 
contrary, appears to move freely in the field of the microscope, 
and does not require oxygen in its medium of support and 
development. Experiment goes to prove that this gas is highly 
deleterious to it, muscle-juice on being exposed to atmospheric 
air for some time becoming free from the organism. 
While the bacillus of Anthrax shows a great selective affinity 
for the blood of its victim, it being usually found there in large 
numbers soon after death, and the blood most virulent, the blood 
from an animal dead of Quarter 111 is free of its bacilli, or 
contains them only in nearly unappreciable quantity, and is 
innocuous when inoculated in considerable amount. Exami- 
nation and cultivation, however, demonstrate the constancy of 
'the Quarter-Ill bacillus in affected muscle. 
I Klein* asserts that injection of the bacilli of Quarter 111 
into the subcutaneous tissue of guinea-pigs, rabbits, sheep, and 
calves, always proves fatal. Our experiments appear to prove 
ithat this statement in general is not consistent, while inocula- 
tions into the rabbit show that animal to be in a special degree 
^refractory to the effect of the bacilli. Injection of blood con- 
'taining the anthrax bacilli into rabbits is in the large majority 
of instances fatal. 
Though aware of certain positive statements regarding the 
possibility of producing the disease by infection or inoculation, 
as the fact was not generally appreciated, and as previously 
published experiments appear to have been carried out with 
virulent matter obtained direct from France, we deemed it 
expedient at the outset to direct our attention to this point, 
i In reply to advertisement, we received on the 3rd of November, 
* Klein's ' Micro-organisms and Disease,' 1885. 
2 H 2 
