in Northumberland and Durham in 1887. 629 
sold for 324/., or nearly 121. 16s, an acre ; there are few crops 
as profitable as this. It need not be said that they were mag- 
nificent crops of seeds. In the second year the seeds are mown 
twice, and they sometimes remain for a third year. 
Sheep are not regularly kept ; a few are bought in the 
autumn to eat up any grass which may remain. Horses 
(hunters) are taken in to graze in summer at 6s. Qd. to 7s. 
a week. But the production and sale of milk is the most 
important business of the farm. From 24 to 32 cows are 
milked, and the milk sold by contract to a buyer who fetches it 
away. The sales of milk from January 1 to July 1 amounted 
to 344/. 16s. 3c?. Cows in high condition are purchased, and 
they are kept well and sold fat when out ol profit. They are 
milked at 5 A.M. and 12 noon. When they are being milked, 
they get a pail full of " crovvdy," mixed grains, cotton-cake, and 
meal. In winter their food is cut-turnips three times a day, 
hay twice, and they are suppered with oat-straw. 
The management and economy of labour is remarkably good. 
Six men-servants live in the house : they are engaged for six 
months (November 23 to May 13). Their wages, 1886-87, 
were — one at 10/. 10s., one at 9/. 10s., three at 71., and one at 5/. 
They rise at 4.30 A.M., and feed their horses; they then milk, 
two women-servants assisting them. The byreman feeds the 
cows while the milking is in progress. As soon as this is over 
— 6 A.M. — the byres are cleaned, and a feed of turnips is given 
by the lads, while the men attend to the horses and clean the 
stable. 
I Breakfast is at 6.30, and consists of coffee, bread and butter, 
and sometimes meat. The teams are yoked at 7 A.M., and each 
man takes into the field with him a bottle of milk and a piece 
of bread. At 12 . 0 noon the horses come into the stable. Dinner 
is at 12.15, and is a good square meal of boiled or roast beef, 
with potatoes and other vegetables, and enormous puddings 
and pies. However, it lasts less than half an hour, and the 
men turnout to milk. This must be finished before 1.30. The 
teams go out again at 2, and work up to 5 o'clock, when the 
horses and cows have to be fed, and the byres and stables cleaned 
up. Tea is served at 5.30, with bread and butter. Work is 
finished at about 7.30, and between 8 and 9 the men get a 
1 draught of new milk and a piece of bread. 
The master and mistress, as a rule, take their meals with the 
servants, and superintend the milking. The men, though hard 
worked, are well-cared for : the rooms in which they live and 
sleep are as clean and comfortable as any one could wish for, 
I and the provision was of the best quality. Whether house 
; servants in. the East of England would be satisfied with the 
2 T 2 
