in Northumberland and Durham in 1887. 635 
after Barley had been 3 times ploughed, grubbed and cleaned, 
then manured with scavengers' manure — ridged and dressed 
with farmyard-dung. 
About 17 acres of swedes had been sown, and the plants were 
up. This land had been winter ploughed — cross ploughed in 
spring, " scrubbed," grubbed and cleaned — then ploughed for 
the third time, ridged and mucked with farmyard-manure, and 
fish refuse which had been in a heap for some time previous. 
The remainder of the field — about 3 acres — was being worked, 
and was to be sown with yellow bullock turnips. 
Our last visit was paid on the 4th of July. The autumn 
sown Wheat was very fine, the spring sown good, but coarse and 
dark in the flag. The Oats were very good, Swedes good, yellow 
bullock turnips fair, Barley fair. The Potatoes were not very 
vigorous ; probably the drought had been too much for them. 
They were, however, thoroughly clean and might prove a good 
crop. 
The stock was the same as on our last visit. A gelding, 
which was to be shown at the approaching Royal Show, and 
which got a first prize there, was among them. The cows and 
Bteers were in good condition. 
Following the practice observed in describing farms in 
other classes, it will be desirable to give some particulars of 
the number and wages of the regular labourer. 
The steward, who stacks, thatches, hedges, and does all the 
rough carpenter's work of the farm, has 205. a week, house and 
garden rent free, 60 stones potatoes, and 205. for coals. Four 
other men get 17s. to 19s. a week, and potatoes, and two of 
them a house and garden ; the other two are unmarried and 
live with their father, the steward. None of these men are 
bound to find a woman worker, as there is no difficulty in 
getting any number of women from Tynemouth, at Is. ?id. a day 
for ordinary work, and 2s. 3c?. in harvest. The wife of one of 
the hinds assists the byre man. in milking, for which she is 
paid 3s. a week. 
The fences on this farm had been very much neglected, and 
they were being put in order by Mr. Wilson at considerable 
expense. 
Mr. Wilson does not keep accounts in such a form as 
would enable him to present a proper balance-sheet. He 
does, however, keep books which record his sales and pur- 
chases. They afford some information, but not quite what one 
desires. 
The following items were extracted from these accounts : — 
