in Northumberland and Durham in 1887. 653 
year's ley, and 60 acres 2 years' ley. This year the approxi- 
mate quantities were : — 
Com Crops, 111 aoros. 
Green Crops, 56 acres. 
Seeds, 93 acres. 
acres, 
acres. 
acres. 
Barley .. ., 48 
Turnips and Sweeds . . 
50 
1st year .. .. 40 
3 
Oats 66 
3 
2nd year . . . . r^3 
The usual course of farming is to break up the seeds after two 
or more years' ley and to sow with Oats. This is followed by 
Roots, and after them Barley or Oats are sown. The whole of 
the corn is sown broadcast, and most of it by Mr. Davison 
himself. Like all the work on the farm, it is well done. 
The Cattle are not such an important branch of the farming 
as the Sheep. Those kept are all reared on the farm, and they 
are mostly sold off as steers. From 18 to 20 calves are annually 
reared on boiled linseed and milk. 
The flock is here, as on all hill farms, the mainstay of the 
business. On the high and exposed hill to the west, called 
Harden Hill, which lies from 700-1100 feet high, Cheviot ewes 
(about 330) are kept, and they are put to Cheviot rams. These 
ewes have three crops of lambs ; they are then brought down to 
the lower land and crossed with a Leicester ram. On the lower 
part of the farm half-bred ewes (about 330) are put to half-bred 
tups, and when they are drafted out of the Hill flock they are 
put to Leicester tups. 
There are thus four distinct types of lambs on the farm : — 
1. By Cheviot rams out of Cheviot ewes. 
2. By Leicester rams out of Cheviot ewes. 
3. By Half-bred rams out of Half-bred ewes. 
4. By Leicester rams out of Half-bred ewes. 
The ewe lambs of the first of the above classes are put into the 
Hill flock, the wether lambs are drafted to another farm or put 
out to keeping, and they are sold at three years old. The wether 
lambs of the 2nd Class (except such as are saved for tups) and 
of the 3rd Class, and all the lambs of the 4th Class are sold in 
the summer or early autumn. 
The Hill flock begins to lamb about the 10th of April, and 
that of the In-field 3 weeks earlier. The lambing folds for 
the latter flock are moved every year. 
We inspected this farm on the 17th of December on a bright 
frosty day, which was very favourable for our getting over a 
