228 
On the Economy of Carting. 
Tlie produce of straw from the grain-crop may be estimated as 
follows : — 
Tons. 
210 acres of wheat, at 1 ton 15 cwt. per acre 3(35 
105 „ barley, at 1 ton 10 cwt. • „ 157 
52 „ pulse, at 1 ton 10 cwt. „ 78 
In all G02 
For the profitable consumption of roots we shall require an 
admixture of 1^ bushels of straw-chafF with each bushel of roots ; 
or at least 1 ton of straw to 8 tons of roots, supposing, as in our 
case, that but little hay is made or consumed. From 180 to 200 
tons, therefore, of this produce of straw and stover will be 
required for food ; and about 400 to 420 tons will remain for 
litter, which will be converted into about 1500 tons of manure. 
It has been shown in the Essay on Harvesting Corn that 
harvest-cartage costs two-thirds of \d. per quarter of a mile per 
100 sheaves ; and on such land as this, there will be, on an 
average, 850 sheaves per acre over 367^ acres of corn and pulse 
crops ; therefore the extra harvest-carting will, in our case, cost 
8/. 15s. 
The carting of manure and roots in the autumn and winter 
season, when roads are bad and days are short, is a much more 
tedious and expensive process, and cannot be set at less than 
I5. per mile, or 3c?. for a quarter of a mile. At this rate, the 
extra carting for a quarter of a mile would cost — 
£. s. d. 
For 1450 tons of roots 18 2 6 
„ 1500 tons of manure 18 15 6 
Or together 36 18 0 
which, with the extra harvest-carting, 8/. 15s., comes to 45Z. 13s. : 
or, if account be further taken of the saving made in carting 
green stover and hay, the total saving may be fairly reckoned 
at 50/. a year. 
The author has here called attention to the extra cost of 
carting from distant buildings under the most favourable circum- 
stances which can be imagined. Practically, the admixture of 
grass-land with the arable (the former being generally laid near 
to the homestead), the irregularity in the shape of the farms, 
defects both in the number and direction of the roads, besides 
the annexation of outlying fields and holdings, tend greatly to 
increase the average distance of carting, as well as the extra dis- 
tance which might be saved by the erection of field-barns. It 
may be well then further to direct attention to the very great waste 
