French Experimental Farm at Vavjours. 
299 
The following- quotation from the ' Kc-ho dos Halles' will stit 
the lalliiiji^ oU" of the wheat-crop in a clear lio^ht. "In 1858 the 
average produce of a hectare of land was 30 hectolitres, weighing: 
78 kilos.; 100 kilos, of wheat gave 75 kilos, of flour; and 
100 kilos, of flour made 141 kilos, of bread. In 1859 the average 
produce per hectare was 20 hectolitres, weighing 72 kilos. ; 100 
kilos, of wheat gave 75 kilos, of flour ; 100 kilos, of flour made 
137J- kilos. f)f bread. In 1860 the average produce was 18 
hectolitres, Aveighing 70 kilos. ; 100 kilos, of wheat gave 65 
kilos, of flour; 100 kilos, of flour make 130 kilos, of bread." 
According to these averages, the produce per hectare is as 
follows : — 
Year. Wheat. Flour. Bread. 
1858 
1859 
1800 
The same table 
thus : — 
Year. 
1858 
1859 
1860 
■ Kil. Kil. 
2340 1755 
1440 1080 
12G0 819 
adapted to English 
Produce per A cre. 
Wheat. Flour, 
lbs. lbs. 
2096 1572 
1290 967 
1128 733 
Kil. 
2474 
1485 
1064 
measures will stand 
Bread." 
lbs. 
2217 
1330 
953* 
The manager, M. Moll, remarks that this fall in the value of 
the produce, so far from being accompanied by a reduction of 
expenses, was coincident with unusual diflicultics and high rates 
of payment in the labour market. 
In 1859 the supply of extraneous — particularly Belgian — 
labour failed utterly, and the price of day-labour and task-work 
rose accordingly. Then came torrents of rain and lodgment of 
crops, and from these combined influences the price of reaping 
an acre was 1/., instead of from IQs. to Ids. ; that of cutting and 
tying an acre of oats I5s. and 16s., instead of from 6s. 6rf. to 
9s. 6rf.t 
* In this and the following tables the French hectare is taken approximately 
as equal to 2 J English acres, instead of 2a. 1r. 35p., its exact area. The kilo- 
gramme is represented correctly as 2'24 lbs. avoir. The results thus obtained are 
sulRciently correct, and the labour of retaodelliug these tables is still considerable. 
—P. H. F. 
t The environs of Paris are generally ill-supplied with labour, because in that 
city wages are high and living cheap. Vaujours has a further drawback, from 
the influence of the neighbouring cement-works which draw away the men, and 
the glove-trade which employs the women. Field culture by hand-labour would 
be almost impracticable but for the influx of Belgian, Burgundian, Norman, and 
Alsatian workmen. To procure labourers witliout paying the rates of the cement- 
works, efforts were made to protect them from being pillaged by publicans. After 
