362 Oil the Specijic Gravitij of Swede Turnips. 
expressed juice Indicates at once the real feeding value of the 
specimen examined. 
The whole of these crops were got up, cleaned, pitted, and 
covered with earth by the end of November, the price paid for 
cleaning, heaping, and covering, being 8s. Zd. per acre. I may 
state, in conclusion, that the crops are now iDcing consumed ; 
that it is quite the exception to find a single rotten turnip in the 
heaps, and that both sheep and cattle fed on them are doing well. 
The farms on which those experiments were conducted are the 
property of the Right Hon. Lord Overstone, and occupied respec- 
tively by John Beasley, sen., and John Beasley, jun. Tliey are 
situated at an altitude of 325 feet. The soil is a light sandy 
loam, resting on the ferruginous sand and sandstone of the lower 
oolite, variously tinted by the oxide and silicate of iron. These 
farms have been for many years managed on the four-course 
system ; but within the last five years the five-course has been 
introduced with advantage, as far as regards the growth of the 
turnip crop, which consequently recurs less frequently. The 
wheat, after seeds, is followed by barley, which either receives a 
dressing of farmyard or artificial manures. At seedtime, this 
manure, not being fully exhausted by the barley crop, becomes 
incorporated with the soil, and is of immense benefit to the 
succeeding crop of roots. 
The whole of the land on which the experiments were con- 
ducted grew barley in 1860, Some part of it was autumn culti- 
vated, but the lateness of the harvest and the unfavourable 
Aveather retarded operations, and rentlered the work incomplete. 
Most of the fallow had been ploughed up to the depth of 6 
inches before the frost commenced, in which state it remained 
to the middle of April, when it was cross-ploughed, rolled, har- 
rowed, cleaned, cScc, in the usual way. On the 15th of May, 
the soil being reduced to a fine state, we began to make 27-inch 
ridges, with the double-mouldboard plough. 
On Plot N(j. 1, 20 one-horse loads of good bullock manure 
Avere laid and 3 cwt. per acre of Proctor and Ryland's turnip- 
manure was sown broadcast over the ridges after the farmyard 
manure was spread, and the ridges reversed and the whole 
covered in at once ; the seed (3 lbs. per acre) was sown the same 
day. 
The setting-out was done by men using 10-inch hoes, fol- 
lowed l)y boys to single out the plants. After this the horse- 
hoe (" Smith's "), drawn by one horse, and set so as to take two 
ridges at the same time, was used. They were again horse-hoed 
on the 21st of June, but this time with a common 5-tincd hoe, 
with narrow points, and stirring the soil to a much greater 
depth. On the MOth of June they were carefully gone over the 
