the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. 
83 
workman operates a treadle below, but it. is as power machines suitable for 
very large factories that their merit chiefly consists. Power machines cost 
150 dollars; hand machines, 35 dollars. 
P. Embree and Sons, of West Chester, Pa., arc the makers of a Hand Machine 
which though patented as recently as August, 1875, is already largely used 
and deservedly popular. I saw it in use at a small factory of 250 cows. The 
machine is made of three sizes to work 20, 50, or 70 lbs. of butter, and ranges 
in price from 25 to 45 dollars. We have first a strong tripod frame sup- 
porting a revolving cedar-wood table with a convex surface. The butter 
is placed on this table, and pressed by a revolving conical fluted roller with 
cleanser attachment actuated by lever handle. At the opposite end of the 
roller shaft is a small pinion working into toothed-gear in the centre of 
the table, causing the latter to revolve. The butter is distributed on the 
convex surface of the table ; all that is necessary is to turn the handle, which 
can be done by a child, and the butter is brought under the action of the 
roller and thoroughly worked ; all liquid expressed finds its way by a channel 
to an opening in the edge of the table. The roller can be easily detached, and 
both it and the table readily cleaned.* Price of small machine, 25 dollars. 
Next I must notice an improvement in Butter-printing Machines. Mr. John 
Matthews, of Pleasant Grove, Pa., showed in the Dairy Buildings a highly 
ingenious device in which the box is raised after the butter has been pressed 
for the removal of the butter-milk, and can be easily detached for cleaning pur- 
poses. This is effected by a rack or stand and with a sun-and-planet motion — 
a very ingenious arrangement. 
Speakman, Miles, and Company, of West Chester, also exhibited in the 
Agricultural Hall a clever design for the same purpose, consisting of a hinged 
box working down on a movable mould. The* press is worked by a spring 
and lever. I must not omit to notice a Tin Milk-Strainer and Cover, made by 
the Universal Strainer Company, Rutland, Vermont, which should be uni- 
versally employed. It comprises a funnel with a conical strainer in its centre, 
of fine wire-gauze, which again is covered by a movable cap, the sides of which 
are made of similar wire. Thus the milk is twice strained, first through the 
cap, and secondly through the cone ; and, owing to the form of the latter, an}' 
foreign matters are left at the bottom of the funnel instead of being forced 
through the strainer, as might be the case if the latter were placed at the bottom 
of the funnel. Next I should notice the exhibits of Milk Cans for transporting 
milk from the producer to the factory, or for the town trade. The Ironclad 
Can Company and Messrs. H. H. Roe and Company were the principal ex- 
hibitors; the exhibits of both were well made, highly finished, and admirably 
adapted for the purpose. Lastly I draw attention to Butter Tubs, which were 
of two kinds. Those shown by I. G. Kochler in the Agricultural Hall 
are intended for conveying the butter after it has been prepared for the 
retailer. They are oval in form, made of cedar wood, with convenient mov- 
able shelves for packing the butter, and ice receptacles at both ends. The 
Orange County Pail Company, of New York, show a large exhibit of strong 
well-made Oak Pails with good fasteniugs, for carrying butter in bulk. 
Miscellaneous. 
This large group requires subdivision ; and I shall commence 
with a description of machinery applicable for "Laying out and 
* A similar machine, of American origin, largely used in Sweden and Denmark, 
was figured in the ' Journal' for 1875, Part I., p. 225. 
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