the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. 
87 
forms a passage for the chickens. The idea is to utilize the natural heat of 
horse-manure, which is packed round the hox, and renewed if necessary, 
according as the thermometer indicates. The Artificial Mother consists of a 
cylinder lit tins the cask, which is lined on the under side with wool ; its position 
on the cask being regulated by a screw. The Artificial Mother can be applied to 
the Incubating Cask, but when the business is conducted on a large scale, it 
is better to have separate casks. The eggs are placed in a circular tray on 
the bottom, where they can be readily attended to. 
The Honey-Extracting Machine, exhibited by Murphy and Company, of 
Fulton, Illinois, is well adapted for its purpose, viz., extracting the honey 
without destroying the comb ; it comprises a copper cylinder, tinned on the 
inside, containing a rectangular revolving frame, the sides of which are 
covered with tine wire-gauze. The comb, taken from the hive before the last 
process of sealing up the cells occurs, is placed in the frame, which is revolved 
through the agency of a handle by bevel gear-wheels. The centrifugal force 
causes the honey to discharge into the cylinder without injury to the comb, 
which is replaced in the hive and refilled, and thus, by this ingenious device 
the maximum produce is secured. 
27. Burden and Sons, of Troy, New York, showed a model of their Machine 
for Making Horse-Shoes. The material used is a mixture of hematite and 
magnetic ore. The bars, when rolled out to proper dimensions, are fed into 
the machine by fluted rollers ; first, the iron is cut off at the proper length, 
I hen the shoe is formed, next it is stamped by passing between an upper and 
lower die. The holes are not punched, but a creasing die marks the place 
where the holes are to be made ; lastly, the shoe is straightened by a press, 
and thrown off at the rate of 60 shoes a minute. The machine has only four 
gear-wheels, is simple in construction and very strong. I understand that 
the works, which include the manufacture of iron for other purposes, are 
very large, and that the horse-shoe factory has a capacity for making 60,000,000 
lbs. weight of shoes annually. 
J. E. Strong, of Newton Brook, Ontario, Canada, exhibited a Self-acting 
Snow Gate, which, for simplicity of construction and efficiency of operation, was 
greatly admired. The heel of the gate is suspended between two posts, the 
tops of which form the fulcrums for the lever, by which the gate is moved 
backwards clear out of its place. A strong double stay, hinged at both ends, 
connects the top bar with a block let into the ground immediately, behind 
the posts. This connection secures the position of the gate in a straight 
line. All that is necessary is for the traveller to pull down the lever, when 
the gate, which is connected with the short end of the lever by an iron rod, 
describes the parabola of a curve, and is landed clear of the posts exactly 
in rear of its ordinary position ; on passing through the gate, the traveller 
seizes the opposite lever and as readily replaces the gate in its original 
position, at the same time securing it by a spring-lock. The gate may be 
made light and strong. The value of such an invention in a country where 
snow is often a serious impediment to the opening of ordinary gates can be 
readily understood. 
The climate of California and adjoining States is very favour- 
able to the growth of fruits of all kinds, and the drying and 
preservation of them is an important branch of industry, which 
was represented at Philadelphia by a variety of machines. 
One of the most complete arrangements was shown by O. F. Tiffany, of 
San Francisco. The apparatus, which is of large dimensions, has a hot-air 
chamber in the basement with two dampers for the admission of cold air, 
