The Prize System as applied to Small Farmers in Ireland. 401 
the land. He holds 11£ statute acres, at a rent which is a 
fraction under 1/. an acre. The crops were : — 
A. R. P. 
110 turnips and mangels. 
12 0 potatoes. 
4 0 0 oats, viz. : — 
i acre laid down with seeds after potatoes. 
11 acre laid down after manured roots. 
2i acres under lea oats. 
2 2 0 meadow, viz. : — 
A. R. P. 
12 0 upland. 
10 0 lowland hay. 
The remainder of the land was in permanent pasture. 
The live-stock consisted of 1 horse, 3 dairy-cows, 2 heifers, 
2 pigs, and 46 poultry. 
The horse is used for farm work, and for conveying Hall and 
his wife to market, and to prayers on Sundays. 
My estimate of the returns from the farm during the year is 
as follows : — 
£ s. d. 
Produce of cows 35 0 0 
Oats (exclusive of feeding of horse) 210 0 
Profit on beasts sold, or to be sold 19 0 0 
Two calves reared 900 
Potatoes, 5J tons at 31 16 10 0 
Profit on pigs 6 00 
Eggs and poultry 6 10 0 
113 0 0 
From this is to be deducted : — 
£ «. d. 
Pent and taxes 12 18 4 
Wages and keep of servant 22 0 0 
Seeds purchased 110 
Labour in spring and harvest 500 
Hand-feeding for cows 1 12 0 
42 11 4 
This calculation leaves for the maintenance of Hall and his 
wife, for casualties, and for profit, 70Z. 8s. 8c?. I asked Hall 
what weekly wages would have been equal to the income from 
his holding. He seemed astonished at my question, but soon 
made it plain that no rate of wages which could be named would 
have been an equivalent. That the man has worked very hard 
there can be no doubt ; but he is enjoying the fruits of it. He 
has a commodious and comfortable house ; he is surrounded by 
every comfort required for a man in his rank of life ; and that 
he saved out of the produce of this piece of land a good deal, 
I was afforded the most convincing evidence. Yet there is 
