The Inter nation id Dairy Exhibition at Hamburg, 1877. 459 
lating Churn," exhibited by Messrs. Braymann and Filler, of 
Hamburg, and apparently the same as that described by Mr. 
Coleman in his Report on the Philadelphia Exhibition ;* also a 
" Cataract Churn," in which the cream was dashed by a revolv- 
ing dash-board upwards and outwards against the circumference 
of an upright churn, furnished also with fixed dash-boards, which 
then gave the cream a return motion towards the centre, so that 
it appeared to fall over like a cataract from all round the churn 
to the axis of the revolving dash-board. The action looked 
pretty but not practical, and in the opinion of the Judges the 
churn was complicated, and not well adapted for its purpose, 
besides being difficult to clean. However, it pleased the 
public, and it was stated that a large number of the churns 
were sold. 
Butter-working machines, both straight and circular, were 
exhibited in great variety, but with no sufficiently striking 
novelty to call for special description. These implements are 
coming into general use in the dairies of the north of Europe, 
and it seems remarkable that they have not yet attracted more 
attention in England.! 
The cheese-tubs and cheese-presses were of the familiar forms, 
and included American factory sizes of the former. 
Lawrence's milk-cooler was exhibited in its original form, and 
with modifications. The Judges submitted one of the original 
machines to a competitive trial against a new form exhibited by 
Messrs. Boldt and Vogel, of Hamburg, and having the flutings 
elongated in section instead of semicircular. The result was 
considerably in favour of the latter. 
Three firms exhibited complete collections of dairy-apparatus, 
including steam-engines and every means and appliance ne- 
cessary for a dairy worked under some special system. For 
instance : the Carlshiitte Company exhibited a collection 
suitable for the Holstein dairy-system, including the broad flat 
milk-pans, and the skimming-rake described and figured in 
my report on that subject. This collection was very good, and 
was awarded a prize of 251. and a box offered by the Senate of 
Hamburg. Mr. Alborn, of Hildesheim, on the other hand, 
exhibited a complete set of fittings necessary for dairying upon 
Mr. Swartz's system, which is now fast supplanting the old 
methods, wherever ice can be conveniently procured. The 
Judges reported very highly of this collection, and awarded it 
the piece of plate offered by the Crown Prince and Princess of 
Germany ; and its use was practically demonstrated by the 
* ' Journal' of the Royal Agricultural Society,' ante, p. 82. 
t For figures and descriptions of these machines, see vol. xi., p. 225, and 
•vol. xii., p. 3i9, of the second series of this Journal. 
