in Lancashire, Cheshire, and North Wales. 473 
save him 200/. a year, in comparison with carts. The waggons 
go to Liverpool in the morning with either hay or straw (about 
2k tons), and return at night with a load of manure of between 
50 and 60 cwts. He drives over 1200 tons of manure from 
Liverpool annually. This is placed in a large midden-stead 
(only requiring a roof to make it perfect), cut out of the solid 
rock, which retains all the liquid manure, the surplus of which 
is carted on the land for irrigation. The dung-heap I saw, 
when on our winter inspection (a portion of it then being 
carted on to grass), I could only compare to a solid mountain 
of manure. He attaches so much value to his hay-crop, that 
he manures his old grass for the grain-crop, and re-sows it with 
seeds. I am not sure of this being the best system. An appli- 
cation of artificials, viz., 2 cwt. per acre of potash in its natural 
form, as procured from the German mines, with 2 cwt. super- 
phosphate (mineral), and 2 cwt. bone-meal, would probably 
insure better results. In addition to the 1200 tons of Liverpool 
manure, Mr. Wright also uses 13 tons of nitrate of soda ; 3 tons 
of Peruvian guano, and 10 tons of Hide salt, the latter being 
applied to certain soils. This I have proved in my own ex- 
perience to be of great value ; it stiffens the straw and increases 
the yield. 
The implements and machinery on this farm are very 
superior. Mr. Wright has erected a horizontal engine, with 
Cornish boiler, of 9-horse power, but capable of being worked up 
to 13, for the purpose of driving a Marshall's double-blasting, 
self-feeding, portable threshing-machine ; also a pair of mill- 
stones ; hay-cutter ; kibbling-machine, capable of doing 60 
bushels per hour ; also oil-cake mill. The engine and ma- 
chinery are so conveniently arranged, that all the exhaust steam, 
after passing through the cylinder, is utilised for cooking the 
food for the stock, as well as boiling the water previous to its 
being pumped into the boiler, thus saving 25 per cent, of fuel. 
There is a large water cistern, cut out of the solid rock, under- 
neath the yard, bricked, cemented, and covered with large flags, 
9 feet long by 3 feet wide and 12 inches thick. This cistern is 
capable of holding 20,000 gallons of rain-water, collected from 
the roofs of the buildings. This must be very convenient in a 
dry season, as Mr. Wright told us he was never without a supply 
of water. The cistern was made by Mr. Wright's father. 
During the last few months 300/. has been expended in repair- 
ing the farm-buildings ; also over a mile of occupation-roads 
have been laid, for which the landlord allowed 100/., Mr. Wright 
making up the balance of outlay. Now, listen, ye of little faith 
in yearly tenures. This agricultural Leonidas has erected two 
sheds on 9-inch pitch-pine posts, with corrugated galvanised- 
2 K 2 
