in Lancashire, Cheshire, and North Wales. 
493 
The stock on the farm consists of (June 29) : — 
3 working-horses, viz. a very fine three-year-old, a four- 
year-old (also a good one), and an old horse with 
plenty of work in him still. 
16 cows in full milk, and other 2 within a few days of 
calving. 
Mr. Ainscough feeds annually about 14 pigs ; those we saw 
were of a very good sort. 
Of artificial manures applied this spring, the quantities 
were 1^ ton Liverpool patent manure, 16 cwt. Vickers' special 
manure, 16 cwt. ground bones, ^ ton nitrate of soda, and 
14 cwt. salt. These artificials were applied principally to the 
grass. 
The system adopted by Mr. Ainscough in the management of 
cows is to change them every six months. Their calves are 
sold as they are dropped, and the cows as they fatten, the selling 
price being generally 11. above the in-purchase money. From 
January to May these cows are fed three times a day with 
turnips, chopped hay, grains (draff), and Indian-meal ; each cow 
being allowed 14 lbs. Indian-meal per day. Of this there are 
6 packs used every week during winter, a pack weighs 240 lbs., 
the average cost being 14s. 2d. per pack. During the summer 
months 4 packs are used. When the cows are turned out to 
grass they are brought into the byre twice a day, and fed with 
the same mixture as in winter. They are milked twice a day, 
viz. at half-past four in the morning, and at the same hour in the 
afternoon. This early system is also practised in Denmark, 
where the system of dairy management is perfect. The milk is 
all sold sweet. I do not, I hope, infringe upon privilege at all, 
especially when I have mentioned the possibility of small 
holdings being a means of increasing largely the agricultural 
produce of our country, if I mention that Mr. Ainscough sells 
close upon 600Z. worth of sweet milk annually. 
The labour on this farm is nearly all supplied by the family, 
with exception of one hired man, who receives 9s. per week, with 
board. Altogether there are 4 men employed on the farm, one 
of them constantly in driving the milk to Southport and else- 
where. There are 4 milkers, 2 men and 2 women who tend the 
cows ; they have charge of 4 each. The sum paid per week to 
distillers for draff is 36s. I may mention that every square inch 
of this farm is made to do duty. We observed the very banks 
of the ditches, which were scoured ; the cleanings of these 
were bound firm to the bank, and utilised by being worked up 
for cabbage, each spadeful of earth having a luxuriant young 
cabbage-plant growing in its centre. The produce of this farm 
