40 
Arterial Drainage 
streets and for manufacturing purposes. The minimum require- 
ments of a farmstead of 100 acres would probably be as follows: — 
The farmhouse containing on an average six inmates Gallons, 
at 5 gallons each ...... 30 
For the stack-yard and cattle-sheds . . . 50 
A labourer's cottage containing five inhabitants . 10 
To this must be added the water required for feeding the 
steam threshing-engine, and for watering the stock in the yards 
in winter, which would require about 20,000 gallons more. 
The house would thus require 10,950 gallons, the farmstead 
38,250 gallops, and the cottage 3650. A careful storing of all the 
rain which falls on the roofs of the buildings, allowing the rain- 
fall to be 22 inches in the year, and the farmhouse and out- 
buildings to cover 1000 square feet of ground, would yield 11,419 
gallons, or a little more than 31 gallons a day. The farm- 
buildings and sheds would cover about 3500 square feet, and 
collect 39,965 gallons, equal to a supply of 110 gallons per day; 
and the cottage, with 500 square feet, would yield 5700 gallons, 
equal to 15i gallons per day. The tanks to hold this should be so 
proportioned as to be large enough to hold the winter supply, and 
allow for replenishment by thunderstorms and ordinary showers ; 
a capacity equal to about 2 gallons for every square foot of roof 
will, on an average, be found sufficient. In some villages the 
water off the roof of the church and school-houses has been col- 
lected in a large tank for the use of the inhabitants, and been 
found of the greatest convenience, saving many a weary drag to 
the village pond. An ordinary village church would cover about 
7000 square feet, and the school 1000 more, and these together 
would yield 91,356 gallons in the course of the year, equal to a 
daily supply of 250 gallons. 
Reservoirs, Storage, and Village Supply. — If the cottages and 
farmsteads, instead of being isolated, lie compactly in a village 
street, a more effective and probably more economical plan will 
be to provide one large storage reservoir, with supply pipes to 
the village, and " stand-pipes " or separate services to the houses. 
Where there is a constant spring or stream of pure water above 
the village, the process is extremely simple, but where these 
means are not available, storage must be resorted to. As a 
matter of economy, where there is a constant fall and no pressure 
on the pipes, glazed stoneware pipes, having Stanford's patent 
sockets and joints, may be used ; but where there is any pres- 
sure, or where the pipes are laid at any great depth below the 
ground, iron is the only satisfactory material. 
The supply from the gathering ground for feeding this reser- 
voir must be calculated on the result of the driest years and the 
