146 Report on Implements at Liverpool, and on 
practical man will at once see that it will not pay to employ 
two men and a machine to clip five sheep per hour, which is all 
it can do, calculated even at trial-speed. 
A practical test of a novelty of this kind is of great use ; it 
points to the inventor the path before him, and the difficulties that 
he has yet to overcome, while it tells the practical man that the 
wool can be taken off by machinery even better than by hand. 
The next step may be to cheapen the process by increasing the 
pace of the machine. 
While Turquand's machine is clearly and distinctly superior 
to Newton Wilson's, both fail to show themselves " labour- 
savers," one pair of shears by the aid of machinery and extra 
hands failing to do the work that one pair of shears in the 
hands of a skilful workman can accomplish without help or 
machinery. 
As some discussion has arisen on this point, I am glad to be 
able to contribute a precise fact which satisfactorily defines 
what a good " clipper " can do. During last summer, a farmer's 
son on the East Riding Wolds of Yorkshire clipped 100 
Leicester sheep in 11 J hours. He had no help except to 
take away the wool and to bring him fresh sheep. 
The Judges have directed my notice to no less than five 
machines of one class — Chaff-cutters, more especially with re- 
gard to the improved arrangement of safety guards. 
The strong current of public feeling in favour of safety-appa- 
ratus on dangerous machinery, and the success of mechanicians 
in accomplishing the adaptation of such safeguards in many 
instances, I have already mentioned. Chaff-cutters present the 
most notable instances of mechanical success in this direction ; 
■each of the machines referred to having, in addition to its own 
special claims, whether of construction or principle, an un- 
disputed title to the merit of having adopted gearing which 
renders an accident to the feeder from the knives almost 
impossible. 
Snfety arrangement in Messrs. Richmond and ChandJer's Chaff-cutter 
(Catalogue No. 931). The hopper is fitted with a self-actiug endless feeding 
web, or creeper, which carries the material to the tootlied lollers, thus reuderiug 
£;reat assistance to the feeder, and moreover adding much to his safety, as no 
thrusting forward of the material is required, and there is therefore no 
necessity for him to put his hands near the toothed rollers. The machine is 
sent out to cut any two lengths of chaff without change of wheels by suuply 
moving a handle, which also ads as an instantaneous stop motion, and which 
can be worked either by hand or foot. The loot treadle is placed in a con- 
venient position, and is 80 arranged that on being pi essed \\\m\ the rollers are at 
once sto))ped. This would be a great advantage if the feeder carelessly got his 
hand cau;:ht between the feed-rollers. In addition to this, a .self-acting reverse 
motion has just been introduced, the lever of which is so placed that if the 
