152 
Early Fattening of Cattle, 
" An INTERMEDIATE HORIZONTAL MOTION which can distribute 
power in any direction " was mentioned by the Judges. This 
is manufactured and exhibited by W. N. Nicholson and Son, 
of Newark. It is an intermediate motion with a vertical as 
well as a horizontal driving-shaft. The vertical shaft is fitted 
with a horizontal flanged pulley, from which any number of 
food-preparing and other machines arranged in a circle round 
the gear can be driven, without moving them into position, by a 
half-twist strap. 
On moderate-sized farms, where expensive fixed machinery 
cannot be adopted, this motion will be very useful, and, in any 
case, will allow several operations to be carried out without the 
expense of costly shafting. 
VI. — Early Fattening of Cattle, especially in the Counties of 
Surrey and Sussex. By Henry Evershed. 
The counties of Surrey and Sussex are not naturally adapted 
to the business of rearing cattle, and they are, in this respect, 
less productive than in the last century. Fifty years ago the 
live stock of a Wealden farm consisted, in winter, of some 
bacon-hogs and Kentish lambs, with a few hardy Sussex cows 
and their offspring. The cattle " roughed it " in the straw-yards 
during winter, and lived on clover, grass, and stubbles, the rest 
of the year. This was the system that stamped the Sussex 
breed with their characteristic hardihood. But this old-fashioned 
method is quite unsuited to modern farming. The straw-yards 
are no longer supplied with choice handfuls straight from the 
flail during six months of the year. All adventitious oppor- 
tunities of satisfying bovine appetites have been diminished. 
The wide margins of the lanes have been reduced, the commons 
and wood-side pastures have been enclosed, and the stubbles, 
under modern management, should contain the least possible 
quantity of accidental forage. 
It is the same in other parts of the two counties ; the supply 
of food and fodder for . breeding-cattle has been reduced. Nor 
are these counties naturally adapted to pasturage. Setting aside 
the sheep-breeding district of the South Downs, neither of 
them is a breeding county. They produce food for the winter 
rather than the summer months, the Wealden clays being well 
adapted to the growth of mangolds, and the loams and sands of 
Surrey being equally favourable to the growth of other kinds 
of root-crops. The amount of winter-food is increased by the 
practice of mowing the " seeds " of the four-course rotation for 
