especially in the Counties of Surrey and Sussex. 153 
hay instead of grazing them. There is no doubt that sheep and 
cattle both do badly when summered on hot sandy soils. All 
through Surrey, therefore, and in Sussex, more or less, the farms, 
as a rule, are emptied of their stock in spring. At that time 
the last of the fattening cattle are finished off on the last of the 
roots ; and about Guildford Fair-day, on May 4th, the last of 
the store tegs, which have been wintered on turnips and kept 
some weeks further into the spring on rye and other forage, are 
disposed of. 
The farms are thus depopulated for the summer season. In 
October they are again stocked. Store sheep for folding and 
fattening in the turnip-fields are purchased in the breeding- 
districts of the south and west, and the yards are filled with 
cattle. In the main this management, as a general system, is 
right ; but in recent years the high price of store-cattle has 
induced the best stock-farmers to rear, at home, some at least of 
the stock intended for fattening. 
One of the best strains of red cattle was collected, a hundred 
years ago, at Theal, a farm in the parish of Slinfold ; and 
most of the best existing herds of Sussex cattle have derived 
some of their excellence from this stock. 
Mr. William Stanford, late of Charlton Court Farm, Steyning, 
has been a successful promoter of the practice of rearing and 
fattening young bullocks in his district. The calves required 
for the process are brought from the dairy districts of Somerset- 
shire and the West, to Chichester and other markets. Various 
methods of feeding and treating calves from birth have been 
recommended, and they are all a I'ttle difficult to describe 
clearly in detail. 
Mr. Stanford's method does not differ materially from that of 
other good managers. His calves are invariably weaned at birth. 
New milk is by degrees replaced by skimmed milk, thickened 
with boiled linseed or oatmeal. They are gradually induced to 
feed on linseed-cake and hay. At three months old, and up to 
six months old, their daily ration is 2 lbs. of linseed-cake, with 
the same quantity of bean-meal, and with about half a bushel of 
roots, hay, straw, and salt. The cake and meal are gradually 
increased, till at twelve months old they get twice the quantities 
above mentioned. In summer, some of the articles of diet just 
named are replaced by trifolium (which is good food while it 
lasts), by tares and grass, with second-cut clover. The whole of 
the green food is cut and brought to the animals in their sheds 
and houses, which they do not quit till they are sent to the 
butcher, by which time their daily rations will have been in- 
creased to 4 lbs. of cake and G lbs. of bean-meal, with roots and 
a moderate allowance of hay. The principle of management is 
