especially in Surrey and Sussex. 1G5 
On this estimate the young bullock, born in spring and sold at 
harvest in the following year, costs a little more than 75. a week, 
and he should be worth, according to I\Ir. Stanford's average 
return of 7s. per week, 24Z. lis. The value of the manure 
may be fairly estimated at 20 per cent, on the cost of the food 
(19/. 5s. 2d.), or 3/. 17s. Our balance-sheet therefore stands 
thus : — 
Br. £ s. d. 
A bullock 71 weeks old 24 5 8 
Profit 4 2 4 
28 8 0 
Cr. 
A bullock sold at 71 weeks old 24 11 0 
Value of manure ^ 3 17 0 
28 8 0 
I have claimed 20 per cent, on the value of the dung of corn-fed 
animals fattened under cover. The theoretic value of the manure 
derived from the above different articles of food is : decorti- 
cated cottonseed-cake, 6/. 10s. per ton ; rape-cake, 4/. 18s. Qd. ; 
linseed-cake, 4/. 12s. Q>d. ; beans, 3/. 14s. My estimate of 
20 per cent, on the cost of the food, as the value of shed- 
made manure, will not be thought excessive by practical men. 
Mr. Hudson, of Castle Acre, who paid from 2000/. to 3000/. 
a year for cake and other " feeding-stuffs," and brought 1200 
acres of poor thin soil into a state of great fertility-, would not 
have thought it excessive : nor would the incoming tenants of 
Lincolnshire, who pay half the value of the cake used the year 
before ; nor would the late Mr. Glutton of Reigate, who raised 
the value of his pastures from 20s. to 50s., by feeding them with 
Hnseed-cake ; nor would any person who knew Charlton Court 
Farm when Mr. Stanford hired it, and afterwards on his quit- 
ting. He had doubled his flock, leaving about 600 ewes on a 
farm of 700 acres ; and he had done this by means of the " con- 
dition " put into the land by the use of oilcake, and the constant 
succession of forage-crops and " snatch " crops. It is difficult to 
see how this result could have been accomplished under any 
other plan on a breeding-farm situated on the north front of the 
South Downs, and ill suited for the folding of fatting sheep. 
One of his feeding-places was an old-fashioned double barn, 
an extemporised manure-factory, situated half-way up the hill, 
where the dung was most required. Another of the advantages 
of the site was the isolation of the animals in the event of con- 
tagious diseases appearing on the farm. 
Persons unacquainted with this system of rearing and feeding 
cattle have imagined that the risk must be great. On the con- 
