especially in Surrey and Sussex. 
167 
of delicious flavour." Mr. Port says of another lot : " I bought of 
Mr. W. Stanford, at Steyning market, on March 9, five very supe- 
rior Shorthorn steers under 20 months old, with calves' teeth. 
Their meat is of most excellent quality. The heaviest weighed 
111 stone 4 lbs. The flesh on the ribs, where quartered from 
the loin, measured 5 inches thick." As this part of my subject 
is important, Mr. Port may be allowed to say further : " I have, 
during the last three years, killed a large number of the young 
bullocks fed by Mr. Stanford ; " and he then gives a favourable 
opinion of their weight and quality. A young steer which I had 
seen, and which was bought at the sale on June 7, is reported 
as having been " full of fat, with large, thick flesh, and finely 
grained, and of very superior flavour." Mr. Duke, of Steyning, 
writes of some bullocks under 20 months old : " They were all 
remarkably ripe handsome carcasses of beef, giving me and my 
customers great satisfaction, as they have always done. They 
carried an average of 12^ stone of fat." Mr. Glazebrook, of 
Steyning, writes : " Some of the buyers at the sale considered 
I had given a guinea a bullock more than 65. per stone, but, 
from the experience I have had of Mr. Stanford's young beasts, 
I had confidence in them." 
These details are important. They show that young beef 
need not be unripe, that it need not shrink unduly in cooking, 
and need not be innutritious. 
In concluding this short paper, I may point out that if 
cattle can be reared and fattened with advantage on Surrey 
sand-farms and bleak chalk hills, the^e must be many farms of 
200 or 300 acres which do not at present raise cattle, and which 
might easily maintain from 4 to 6 cows, and fatten 20 or 30 
bullocks on the system I have described. Even on those farms 
where sheep are the carriers of fertility, the straw must be con- 
verted into manure, and cattle of some kind must be kept, I 
would introduce a cow or two per 100 acres, and convert the 
produce into young beef. 
Most Surrey farms are provided with a few favoured paddocks,, 
where good turf has been carefully nursed ; and the same remark 
applies to the compact clays of the Weald of Sussex, which are 
equally unkind to grass. In both counties the extent of grass- 
land does not often exceed 5 acres in the 100, and upon the 
clays, at any rate, it might, in the present period of increased 
expenses, be profitably increased. Laying down grass-land on 
compact clay costs lOZ. per acre. I have seen many attempts 
to cover such land with good turf, and some of them proved 
failures, while others were successful. The expense in all cases 
would preclude the possibility of those sudden conversions of 
arable to pasture which the dairy-farmers in Staffordshire have 
