English Land Law. 377 = 111 
:enant. The claim of the latter to compensation for any class of lantlloid and 
improvements is subject to deductions : tenant. 
(1.) For taxes, rates, and tithe rentcharge to which the tenant is Deductions 
iable as between himself and the landlord. (2.) For rent (§ 16). *'[^|^ 
3.) The value of any benefit (such as surrender of rent, supply 
)f materials, &c.) which the landlord has given or allowed to 
he tenant as a consideration for his making the improvement at 
lis own expense (§ 17). (4.) Compensation claimed by the 
landlord at the end of the tenancy for waste committed or per- 
mitted by the tenant (§ 19) ; and (5.) Compensation claimed by 
the landlord for the breach by the tenant of any covenant in the 
ease or agreement under which the tenant holds (§ 19). 
The landlord's statutory claim to compensation under the two As to land- 
last heads can only be made if the tenant claims compensation statute 
inder the Act for an improvement. The landlord must allege 
he waste or the breach by way of counter-claim, " and not other- 
Fvise " (§ 19). Again, the landlord's counter-claim cannot go back 
OQore than four years before the tenancy ends : any waste or breach 
Df covenant alleged by him, if it relates to acts of commission or 
omission in a matter of husbandry, must have occurred within 
;his period (sub-sect. 19). This proviso is a safeguard against 
the revival of old defaults which the tenants, owing to the 
remoteness of the acts or the neglect relied on, may find it 
difficult to rebut. In the event of waste alleged in respect of 
buildings, and matters not relating to husbandry, the four years' 
imitation does not apply. 
Procedure. — The tenant's claim must be made in writing one ^^^^''y'?,'!^'^^'^ *° 
month at least before the tenancy determines, and he must then ^J^jm " ° 
furnish " as far as reasonably may be, the particulars of the 
intended claim." Upon bankruptcy this claim passes to the 
enant's assignees, who may urge and realise it for the benefit 
)f the estate. The landlord's counter-claim, if any, on account of 
waste or breach of covenant, must be made within fourteen days 
ifter receiving the tenant's notice of claim. If the parties do 
not agree upon the amount and time of payment of compen- 
sation, the differences between them must be settled by refer- Ref«rees. 
ence to some person who may be jointly appointed by them ; or if 
they cannot agree upon a single referee, each chooses one. These 
referees are to estimate the unexhausted value of the tenant's 
improvements. Before doing so, they must appoint an umpire Umpire, 
to decide between their respective awards. If they fail to make 
iuch appointment, it may be made by the Judge, of the County 
Court of the district ; or either party may call on the Inclosure 
Commissioners, or the County Court Judge to make such 
ippointment, without leaving it to the referees. Having once 
iubmitted to the reference, neither party can withdraw from it, or 
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