460=134 
Practical Agriculture. 
particular, and of the relative density of the head of live-stock 
Diagram-map. in the different provinces, I have designed the Diagram-map 
which accompanies this division of the Memoir (see Frontispiece). 
Writing on agricultural statistics in the Royal Agricultural 
Society's 'Journal' in the year 1856, Mr. C. Wren Hoskyns intro- 
duced the novelty of a statistical map of England, representing, 
by stripes of differing character running across a square, the pro- 
portional areas under the several descriptions of crop ; observing 
that the reader who looked in the diagram for rivers and moun- 
tains, cities and sea-ports, bays and promontories, and other 
usual accessories of a map, would turn away with a smile 
from such hydrography, in which parishes, hundreds, and even 
county-boundaries, were ignored. The device was excellent, 
expressing as it did to the eye, through the medium of geo- 
metrical form, an idea of the comparative magnitude of areas 
which had been previously stated in numbers of acres. But it 
contained no intimation as to geographical distribution of the 
several proportions of surface under each kind of produce ; and 
the present Diagram-map has therefore been constructed so as 
to present at a glance the general configuration of England and 
Wales, the relative situation and size of each county, and an 
epitome of its principal agricultural statistics exhibited upon 
each. The scale upon which it is drawn is about one square 
inch to every million acres. 
I will here enumerate some of the chief facts to be drawn 
from this statistical picture. 
The total area of land of all descriptions and of water in 
England and Wales is, according to the Agricultural Returns, 
37,319,221 acres ; and of this, the area under all kinds of crops, 
bare fallow, and pasture, in 1877, was 27,043,192 acres ; the 
area of orchards, market-gardens, nursery-grounds, or of arable 
or grass-land used also for fruit-trees, was 206,952 acres ; 
and the area under woods, coppices, and plantations, was 
1,452,588 acres; leaving 8,616,489 acres, or nearly one-fourtb 
of the entire surface, as uncultivated land, roads, railways, rivers, 
lakes, estuaries, foreshores, towns, collieries, quarries, works, 
gardens, and occupations under one-fourth of an acre. 
Distiilmtion of Looking at the Diagram-map, it will be seen that the 
uncultivated counties having: the larffest proportions of uncultivated arcn 
within their boundaries are — Northumberland, Cumberland 
Westmoreland, Durham, the North Riding of Yorkshire, Lanca- 
shire, North Wales, South Wales, Middlesex, Surrey, and Corn- 
wall. In these counties the cultivated area is from about 55 uj 
to more than 60 per cent. Counties having two-thirds up t( 
three-fourths of their area under cultivation are the West Riding 
of Yorkshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire 
