Practical Agriculture. 
4.77 = 211 
iicalf," the number of calves and young cattle " under two 
J rs of age," and the number of other cattle " two years of age 
al above," as found in the United Kingdom on June 25th. 
I" w many veal calves, and how many fatted cattle, and drafted 
r . s and heifers, and bulls, does our great herd yield annually for 
tl butcher ? And what are average weights per carcass, by which 
ti estimate the total weight of beef and veal? Again, what 
p portion of the total number of sheep and lambs enumerated 
0 June 25th is annually converted into mutton, what number 
0 ambs are killed, and what is the average weight per carcass 
fi mutton and for lamb? To answer these questions requires 
iiarmation of an elaborate character upon which to build 
gieral estimates; and it is a difficult problem, not an easy 
caputation, to deduce from the figures taken on one particular 
de in the year what are the proportions of different classes of 
a mals annually killed. 
u the Returns, there are 100 cows and heifers in calf or in 
D.k in every 251 of the total herd, but only 48 calves for each 
1 ) dams ; and this is a puzzling feature of the Census until a 
s eme is constructed in conformity with, and therefore verified 
1 the number of cattle of different ages found existing in June. 
Tis can be done by allowing for the greater proportion of 
1 fers added to the breeding stock, the greater number of 
eves dropped, and the greater number of dams drafted for 
f;ening, in some seasons of the year than in others. The 
aumed hypothesis on the several points was confirmed by the 
iormation and opinions obtained from a large number of 
l«ders in many different counties ; and the same was the case 
v.,;h respect to the rates of mortality at different ages, and the 
I (portion of cattle killed at different ages. 
Among the probably sound data thus obtained, for calculating Data forcalcu- 
c • home production of meat from the numbers of animals found j^^'^^'g 
a the Census in June, are the following: — Of every 100 cows cattle killed.' 
a I heifers 38 J per cent, calve in the first quarter of the year ; 
'i \ per cent, calve in the second quarter; lOJ per cent, in the 
trd quarter; and 13^ per cent, in the fourth quarter of the 
3 ir ; 100 cows give 80 calvings in a year ; they are drafted 
t the butcher after four calvings, or five years of breeding ; 
a^i their mortality is 8 per cent, per year. 
The average mortality of calves in their first year is 11 per 
(it. ; 16 per cent, of the total drop of calves are killed for veal, 
nlthe average age of veal calves when killed is two months. 
' cattle killed, not including drafted cows, 50 per cent, are two 
three years old, 42 per cent, are three to four years old, and 
)er cent., including bulls, are older. 
The results of the whole calculation, which need not be given 
