478 = 212 
f radical Agriculture. 
Number of 
calves and 
cattle killed. 
Estimated 
average dead- 
weights of 
cattle. 
Kumber and 
weights of 
sheep and 
lambs killed. 
Number and 
weight of pigs 
killed. 
Total home 
supply of meat, 
Foreign 
animals 
imported. 
in detail here, appear in the subjoined Tables, which I quol 
from numbers of the ' Chamber of Agriculture Journal a 
Farmer's Chronicle,' for October, 1875. 
This scheme accounts for the number of dams enumerated 
the Census in June, the number of young animals enumerated 
" one year old and under two years " (as in the Irish Census), t 
number enumerated as " under two years old," and the numb 
of cattle enumerated as " two years old and above ;" and 
calculation very different from this will fit the facts as revealc 
in the Board of Trade Returns. The result brought out is tha 
of our home stock in the United Kingdom, we annually kill f 
meat 436,400 veal calves, 528,300 draft cows and heifers, ar 
970,600 other cattle and bulls. 
From the opinions collected from breeders and graziers 
many different varieties of cattle in England and Scotland, ar 
from other inquiries made by Mr. C. S. Read, M.P., I averaj 
the dead-weight of veal calves at 8 imperial stones, of catt 
two to three years old at 40 imperial stones per head ; cattle thr 
to four years old, 54 imperial stones per head ; older cattle ar 
bulls, 64 stones ; and draft cows, 50 stones per head. 
From the information collected with regard to sheep, I co 
elude that of the total fall of lambs 18 per cent, are killed f 
" lamb," at the average age of fifteen weeks, with an avera; 
dead-weight of 3 imperial stones ; that the average age of shd 
(excepting drafted ewes), when killed, is 21 months, and 
ewes 5 J years ; and that the average dead-weight of sheep, of i 
breeds and ages (except lambs) is 5J imperial stones per hea 
Of the 18 per cent, of lambs killed, 13 are probably kill 
before the census, leaving only 5 per cent, to be enumerated 
the June returns. Allowing for mortality, which in breedi 
flocks is very heavy, and for the enumeration of ewes five tim 
and of other sheep, including rams, twice, the result comes ( 
that, for 33,000,000 sheep and lambs, of which about one-tL^ 
are lambs, enumerated in June, there are annually killed ab( 
2,000,000 lambs, and about 7,000,000 sheep. 
The probable, though very uncertain, yearly 'produce fr< ■ 
pigs, I vary from a calculation of Sir H. S. Thompson and ? 
James Howard ; — namely, 3,000,000 sucking pigs and pork(, 
averaging 5 imperial stones dead-weight, at 5 months old, al- 
1,800,000 bacon pigs averaging 20 stones at 1^ years old. Ik 
estimated total home supply of meat appears, then, in 
Table on p. 39. 
The foreign supply is known, as far so numbers of aniinsi 
and weights of dead meat are concerned, from the Trade r 1 1 
Navigation Accounts. Of the irnported live anim.ils no rocil, 
is kept of the proportion killed soon after arrival, and 
