Practical Agriculture. 
Ado = 229 
nonths. When breeders do not follow the simple but expen- 
ive course of letting the calves run with their mothers, it is 
ommon to make a cow suckle two calves. In rearing bv hand, 
nany modes of management are in favour. In all cases the first The calfs iliet 
ood is new milk, warmed to the temperature of the mother's 
nilk. This continues for a fortnight at the least, and then 
ome stock-masters, with a view of gaining a little butter, and 
earing the greatest number of calves, begin to substitute skim- 
nilk for new milk. During the third week of the calf's life, 
hey let one-third of his allowance consist of skim-milk, boiled 
nd allowed to cool to the natural temperature, and, during the 
)urth week, fully half the allowance is skim milk, and half new 
lilk. 
One of the most annoying things in calf-raising is the careless- 
ess or wilful laziness of servants in scamping over this trouble- 
bme boiling and warming up (more troublesome still when 
lixtures and porridges have to be prepared) ; and one chill 
leal will injure, or may kill, a tender calf. 
The quantities given at each meal vary according to the Feeding tlio 
reed, size, and state of the calf. For a healthy Shorthorn are 
Dmmonly used — in the first week about 3 pints at once, given 
iree times, say 4 quarts per day ; gradually increased till, in 
le fourth week, the quantity is 5 pints at once and three meals, 
laking up 8 quarts per day. At one month old, when the 
dves eat hay, finely sliced roots and cake, two meals a day 
ay suffice ; the quantity at two months old being 4 quarts at a 
eal, or 2 gallons daily. A minor detail, but of some import- 
ice, consists in the mode of giving the meal. Good managers 
)t only induce calves at starting to drink out of a bucket, by 
_insing them to suck up the milk through the herdsman's (in 
d-fashioned times it used to be the dairymaid's) fingers ; but 
ey continue this practice, to prevent the little animals swal- 
wing too much at a gulp, and to allow of an admixture of 
liva while the food is passing through the mouth. A nose- 
ig with small apertures is sometimes put on when giving the 
icket-food. A recent invention for properly giving the calf his 
orning and evening meals is Tucker's calf-feeding bucket ; 
lother is White's artificial dam, and another Brooks and Co.'s 
10 Trephoer ; the first being well spoken of. A muzzle (of 
ire or leather, cup-shaped, with a band sewn at each side to 
fickle behind the ears) kept on, except at feeding time, will 
event the calf taking up straws and swallowing them before 
e power of digestion can cope with such food. Sometimes 
mass of undigested straws has been found in a dead calfs 
•mach. Of course, the time for wearing the muzzle is until 
' calf has been observed to " chew the cud." 
VOL. XIV. — S. S. 2 M 
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