496 = 230 Practical Agriculture. 
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^lilk I have spoken of new milk and skim-milk, half and half, 
substitutes. ijgfQj-g tiie calf is a month old it is now usual to substitute 
porridge for a portion of the milk, different managers making us( 
of different articles. I believe boiled linseed-gruel or jelly is a; 
good as anything. A pound of linseed makes a gallon and <• 
half of gruel. Some people prefer the gruel of linseed ant 
wheat-meal together, in the proportion of two of the linseet ^ 
to one of the wheat-meal, boiled and mixed with the milk 4* 
Others use oilcake-porridge, the cake crushed fine, boilinj 
water poured on it (about four parts of water to one of cake) 
letting it stand half a day, with occasional stirrings. Othe 
breeders use oatmeal, pea-meal, and bean-meal, and flour of th 
carob or locust-beans, making the porridge by pouring hot wate 
upon the meal and mixing with the milk gradually so as not t 
let the mixture get lumpy. Irish moss is used, also treacle-dip 
but this in moderate proportion, seeing that cow's milk i |,ig 
not very sweet. Hay-tea, made of old hay, macerated in wate 
hot, but under the boiling-point, is an admirable thing to mi li^ 
with milk, as it contains a large amount of nutriment in ' 
soluble form. Wise managers make use of several of thes 
liquid compounds, so as not to let any one of them pall upon tl 
appetite of the calf. And by occasionally using them sep; 
rately in turn, judiciously plying the laxative or astringei 
articles of diet according to the state of the calfs bowels, the: 
is a likelihood of keeping the calves healthy ; — thus oilcak 
flax-seed, or oatmeal is used, when the body is bound, pea-me 
and bean-meal, &c., when the bowels are loose. \ 
Detailcil Innumerable examples might be adduced of the best Englii 
pxample of management of calves. I must be content to describe tl 
" ' ' details of one. Mr. Henry Ruck, of Eisey, near Cricklad 
in Wiltshire, rears calves thus — and in rearing fifty to six 
animals has not lost one in two years. He takes the calv- 
from a dairy after they are ten days old, as up to that time th 
require their mother's milk, which is unfit for bhtter makin irli 
The price is 30s. each. For the first three or four days th' i-r 
have 2 or 3 quarts of milk at a meal ; then gradually sor 
food in the shape of gruel is added, and by degrees water, 
substituted for milk. Mixing oilcake with the gruel is t| 
secret of success. Half oilcake is used, the best that can 
purchased. Take a bucket, capable of holding G gallons, p 
into it 2 gallons of scalding water, then add 7 lbs. of very fine 
ground linseed-cake, which is obtained by collecting the di 
that falls through the screen of the crusher, and passing 
through a roller-mill ; well stir the oilcake and water togetf 
and add 2 gallons of ha3-tea. This hay-tea is made ev( 
morning by filling a small tub with sweet hay, pouring ; 
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