548 = 282 Practical Agriculture. 
cattle were brought into the counties of Norfolk and Suffolli 
There can be little doubt that these were crossed with one o 
other (probably both) of the native races, and that thus th 
present breed of Norfolk and Suffolk red polled cattle wa 
called into existence. 
Mr. Fulcher on Mr. T. Fulcher, writing in the ' Field,' said : " We are b 
-this breed. no means disposed to accept the theory that our polls are simpl 
red Galloways. True enough, there is a resemblance befwee 
the heads of the two sorts, each being furnished with a thic 
tuft of hair, covering the forehead. In the Norfolk beast thi 
appendage will, however, be frequently composed of a mixtur 
of red and white hair. More rarely, a large spot of pure whit 
makes its appearance in the face. The deep, blood-red colou 
of the Norfolk polls is, moreover, many shades darker than w 
have seen in any specimens of the Galloway breed. These tw 
peculiarities go far to support the conclusion we have arrive 
at — that the old native race had a due share in the concoctio 
of the present breed. As to when this cross was first resorte 
to, we have no precise information. jNIarshall, indeed, mention 
that long before his time polled Suffolk, Galloway, and eve 
West Highland bulls were used for crossing with the Norfol 
home breeds ; but so highly did he appreciate the good qualitie 
of the latter, that he only refers to crossing in order to condem 
the practice. 
" In the absence of documentary evidence, we have it on tl: 
authority of Mr. Money Griggs of Gately (now in his hundred! 
year, and for upwards of eighty years a tenant on the Elmhai 
estate), that from his earliest recollection red polled cattle wei 
kept in the neighbourhood of this place." 
Amongst the good qualities that may be fairly claimed fi 
the red polls are hardiness of constitution, enabling them i 
thrive on scanty pasturage and to withstand the severe winte: 
and piercingly cold springs usually experienced in the easter 
counties ; their milking properties are unquestionable, and the 
have not that tendency to go dry which belongs to the Alderne 
Ayrshire, and most other breeds having a reputation as daii 
cattle. It not unfrequently happens that a cow will continue i 
yield a good quantity of milk from one calving to another. 
Cows and heifers for dairy purposes are frequently sold 
buyers in the counties of Beds, Berks, Bucks, Chester, Hant 
Northampton, and Sussex ; whilst cxportations of breedir 
stock have been made to Egypt, Germany (north and south 
and Austria, where, strange to say, on an estate of Prim 
Leichtenstein, a breed of red polled cattle has been in existciu 
from time immemorial. 
The native Dorset breed of cattle, long-horned, white-barkc 
with short dark stripes over the body, are rarely seen now, thuuj 
