Practical Agriculture. 
549 = 253 
Lord Portman, in a foot-note to Mr. Ruegg's Report on the 
county twenty years ago, remarked that some of the features of 
the old Dorset cow might often be seen in the form of the 
progeny, crossed as the breed had been by Devons, Herefords, 
and Shorthorns. 
Welsh Breeds. — According to Mr. Morgan Evans, the best Welsh cattle, 
authority on the subject, the colour of the Pembrokeshire, or ^'^j^^'^'"'^'^" 
" Castlemartin," cattle is black ; the horns are of great length, 
yellowish-white tipped with black, wide-spreading and curving 
upwards ; the head is of medium length, longer that the West 
.Highlands, and somewhat longer than the Devons, approaching 
the Herefords or the improved Sussex in form. The nose is 
small and the neck fine, with little tendency to the " throati- 
ness " observable in some breeds. The eyes are prominent, 
but without the untameable gleam of the West Highland or 
Chillingham cattle, domestication having removed any special 
traits of wildness and of ferocity. The coat is long, not 
"Straight like the Highland cattle, but wavy, or sometimes 
curly. The forehead is broad. The tail is of good length. 
• Several writers have remarked on the colour of the skin as 
being of an orange yellow, and the coat on the barest parts of 
the body as being of a brownish hue. Some of the best breeders 
in Pembrokeshire are careful to maintain this characteristic in 
their herds. This, along with a yellow horn and a wavy coat, 
almost invariably indicates a beast that will feed well either at 
grass or in the stall. A short, crisp, coal-black coat is not to 
be compared with one that is long and wavy. The outer cover- 
ing of hair put on in the Avinter months should, with outlying 
cattle, at the end of spring and during the early summer months 
be of a russet brown. One frequently sees cattle of this breed 
whose coats are one mass of ringlets ; but experience shows that 
they are not the most easily fattened. The hair on the forehead 
of bulls is often very much curled, and it is rather to be admired 
than otherwise for the sake of its picturesqueness, as well as that 
it indicates other important qualities. 
The meat produced by these cattle is excellent, and not to be 
surpassed in texture and quality. The milking properties of 
the cows are certainly equal, if not superior, to those of most 
modern improved breeds. Mr. Evans says, " Welsh black cows 
f are on the average equal to any class of cows in milk-producing 
• capabilities. The only objection to them at dairy farms around 
the metropolis is their colour. The admixture of black with 
red and white and roan in the herd is not thought fashionable 
or pleasant to the eye." 
Taking into account the climate, soil, and average homestead 
accommodation in the county, the Pembrokeshire cattle can be 
bred to feed cheaper than Shorthorns or Herefords. Attempts 
