Practical Agriculture. 5SS = 317 
lins, wheat, beans and clover, wheat, oats. Now, oats have 
t a large extent given way to modifications in which tares, 
neolds, carrots, rape, and potatoes are cultivated ; but turnips 
not general, as the soil is injured by folding, and many 
s;ep-breeders are still compelled at weaning-time to send 
t ir sheep away perhaps 30 or 40 miles to turnip-farms for the 
umn and winter. The distinguishing implement in field- 
' tare is the antique Kentish turnwrest plough, worked by 4 
;i I sometimes 5 horses ; but the tillage is deep and thorough. 
In the Isle of Thanet, and on the chalk soils of East Kent, Crops of the 
c nmonly bare of timber and with scant hedges, exposing the Isle of Thanet. 
vole county to the fury of winds off the Channel, the four-field 
( irse of cropping prevails, — half turnips, half peas ; barley ; 
I f clover, half beans ; wheat ; varying the half-tilths in the 
lit course. Small farmers, however, frequently take a more 
eiausting rotation, as, wheat, barley, clover, wheat, barley, 
1 ins ; which is sustained only by quickly repeated manuring. 
I re the modern light iron ploughs have but partially displaced 
t turnwrest, which, though costly in horse-flesh, cuts the roots 
dweeds asunder and turns the furrow-slices completely over, 
le light lands are cleaned after harvest by broad-sharing. 
The Isle of Thanet grows peas well, and a fine quality of 
(evalier malting barley. Barley may average about 5 qrs. per 
ae ; and wheat, of which a favourite variety is Golden Drop, 
wich has a stiff straw and is smoother in the bran than when 
-fit introduced, yields about 4 qrs. per acre. 
On the deep rich loam, of free texture, often a rich mould to 
2;et deep, which is found inland from Deal to Sandwich and 
aund Canterbury to Faversham, large breadths of turnips are 
!■ led with sheep ; but on considerable tracts the usual rotation 
i wheat ; barley ; clover ; wheat ; barley or oats ; beans : such 
t ng the natural fertility of the land, that, with clean culture 
al good manuring, this course can be sown ad libitum. 
On the top of the chalk range is a poor stiff soil, in some Rotation on 
f ees literally covered with flints and stones ; and this land is <=halk. 
(Jficult and expensive to manage, sometimes requiring six or 
eht horses to plough it. The common rotation is, turnips; 
1 ley ; half clover, half peas with rape ; half wheat, half oats. 
n the fertile and beautiful Holmesdale Valley, " lying on the 
siny side of the chalk hill " (says Mr. George Buckland in his 
I port on the county in the ' Journal,' vol. vi.), " like a forward 
I der under the lee of a garden wall," lies a tract of dry rich 
s i, and a belt of gault, most troublesome, from its adhesiveness, 
t work. Hops are grown partially through the valley. 
n the north-western corner of the county the prevailing soil Market 
= I strong loam, from 5 inches to 2 feet in thickness, and tem- gardens. 
