588 = 322 
Practical Agriculture. 
lambs bred on tbe Downs are sold in autumn to be grazed 
richer soils, especially in West Sussex. The characteris 
breeds of live stock are Southdown sheep and the native Suss 
cattle and Sussex pigs. 
Soils of Hampshire, geologically consisting of the Cretaceous, Tertia 
Hampbhue. Post-tertiary formations — including, indeed, beds of eve 
description of rock, from the Wealden upwards, — presents thi 
great natural divisions, namely, the middle chalk plateau, w 
its lofty ridges and beacons and watered valleys ; the distr 
of lower and middle Eocene, north and east of the North Dow : 
and another tract of the same formations stretching from 1 
chalk hills to the sea ; while extensive deposits of flint-gra^ 
and sand overspread portions of all the geological formatioi 
and alluvial soils border the streams, as on the banks of t 
Stout and the Avon, the Test, the Anton, and the Itchen. 
The northern Eocene district, with its prevalent retenti 
clays and clay-loams, interspersed with sands and gravels, oi 
base of plastic clay like birdlime, is a land of small or modera 
sized farms, heavily timbered, often with double rows of timl 
trees with brushwood between, growing in enormous hedgero 
Course of round the small fields, which are chiefly arable. It is called " t 
Woodland." ^'^^ Woodlands." Here the time-honoui-ed husbandry of the clays I 
•listrict. been to bare-fallow once in seven years, and then take alterm 
crops of wheat and beans. The introduction of drainage enabl 
vetches to be grown on a considerable breadth of the fallow, w 
swedes and mangolds on the lighter spots, while clover is son 
times sown at intervals of eight years, the lea, if clean, bei 
ploughed up for wheat, but more commonly fallowed, or a ci 
of oats or beans is taken before the fallow. On the more eas 
worked soils other courses are adopted, though without a 
uniform or general system ; such as fallow, wheat, bea , 
wheat, oats or barley, and clover ; or on more sandy or grave 
land, roots, barley or oats, clover or peas, wheat, rye, oats, • 
barley. Live-stock play a subordinate part in the woodla 1 
farmer's business, excepting that he makes a trade of breedj j 
and selling farm-horses. Indeed, the prevailing (arm-buildin , 
with the open yard in which cattle tread straw into mam , 
with the boarded and thatched barn, rough boarded sheds, w i 
somewhat stronger and sounder stables, are not promising ' 
profitable meat-manufacture with costly purchased foods. 1 ' 
greatest improvements have been made by draining, and ' 
application of chalk ; and larger occupations, more spari > 
inclosures, with less encumbering timber, and better farmstca , 
with improved management, distinguish the parts of this (- 
trict flanking the chalk hills. On the drained, subsoilcd, i 1 
chalked clay lands, one of the best rotations of cropping adop 1 
in 
