Practical Agriculture. 
601 = 335 
aat I ' should not be enabled to keep the land clean,' my ex- 
lerience is not in accordance with that opinion ; and as 1 keep 
5 many sheep as I formerly did, and have actually more cattle, 
see no reason lor discontinuing the practice. 
" My method of cultivation is to clear the wheat-stubbles in Details of the 
le autumn as far as practicable and to cart the stubbles to the ''"^S"'- 
>ld-yard, as I never burn anything- that can be in any way 
idiciously converted into manure. As soon as this operation 
ended, I manure the fallow from the fold-yard, ploughing it 
1 a fair furrow deep with a pair of horses. In the month of 
ctober or early in November I plant a portion of this land 
ith Wheeler's improved early cabbage, or some other good sort ; 
le-fourth is set apart for vetches, rye, or winter oats, which are 
illed to secure a succession of crops in the spring ; the other 
jrtion of the fallow is cross-ploughed as early as possible in 
le winter with four horses, working two abreast, the surface 
lil being thereby inverted and about four inches of subsoil is 
ought up, the layer of manure being between the two ; this 
IS the effect of keeping the subsoil light, and exposing it to 
e beneficial influence of atmospheric changes. After breaking 
)wn the fallow and thoroughly cleansing it, I give it, where 
quisite, another light ploughing at such times as I require to 
ant. About the middle of May an eighth part of the area is 
anted with mangold-wurzel ; in the middle of June one-half is 
anted with swedes (less liable to mildew than if sown earlier) ; 
id as soon as the ground under cabbage, rye and vetches 
cleared it is well harrowed, cleansed, and once ploughed for 
•mmon turnips. I drill all my roots upon the flat, using from 
r cwt. to 3 cwt. of superphosphate of lime, or dissolved bones 
ixed with ashes ; not that I attach much importance to ashes as 
lertiliser, but because they facilitate an equal distribution of 
e manure employed. The mangold-wurzels, together with one- 
ird of the earliest of the turnips and one-third of the swedes, 
e carted off for the cattle ; the remaining roots are cut and 
ten in troughs by the sheep, which are regularly folded ; and 
e wethers and other fatting sheep have a liberal allowance of 
aseed-cake and corn reduced to meal, mixed with cut hay. 
he store sheep follow in the folds used by the fatting sheep, 
id thus the whole of the land derives an equal benefit from the 
iriched food given to the fatting animals. As the land is 
eared, it is ploughed lightly for wheat or other corn ; imme- 
ately after harvest it is scarified, cleansed, and sown with 
■ustard for autumn, or rape for spring feed ; and after it has 
'ain been cleared, it is lightly ploughed for barley, and seeded 
'wn for the next year's clover, which is manured as early as 
)ssible in the following year from the fold-yard. As 1 fatten 
