602 = 336 
Practical Agriculture. 
all the sheep and cattle I rear, a large quantity of good manurt 
is made ; this 1 use twice in the rotation exclusively for greer 
crops. Acting on the principle that a more equal distributior 
in smaller quantities is preferable to the application of an ex- 
cessive dressing once in four years only, I use lime, usualb 
mixed with soil, once in the rotation ; 1 have also used it, mixet 
with salt, as a top-dressing for growing wheat. ]\Iy pasture 
are manured from a compost heap made with road-scrapings 
sidings, foldyard-manure, lime, and salt ; and so marked ha 
been the effect of this application, that the whole nature of th 
herbage appears to have changed." 
Upon all heavy soils the common rotation is, (1) fallow 
(2) wheat, (3) beans or peas, (4) wheat, (5) roots, (6) barley o 
oats, (7) clover, (8) wheat ; vetches, however, being now largel 
substituted for the bare fallow. 
Oifordshive. Oxfordshire, with its basin of Oxford clay, of gravelly an' 
sandy loam, its extensive stone-brash district on the great oolit( 
its small area of red soils on the inferior oolite in the north c 
the county, and its chalk or white land on the Chiltern Hills i 
the south, exhibits great variety and little regularity in i) 
systems of cultivation. 
Croiis in tlip The four-course rotation prevails on the chalk and poor cla 
Chiltern of the Chiltern district ; oats or barley, however, being take 
district. after wheat on the better soils. On the heavy land the anciei 
course of (1) bare fallow), (2) wheat, (3) beans, has not entire) 
disappeared ; but common courses now are, (1) fallow, (2) oat 
(3) clover, (4) wheat; or (1) fallow, (2) wheat, (3) beans, (4) oat; 
and to a great extent the fallow is sown with vetches i 
other green crop. Sainfoin occupies a considerable breadth 
the stone-brash land, on which Cotswold husbandry prevaiL 
and on the red soils it is customary to take barley after wheat. 
Mr. C. S. Read Providing an abundant succession of green food is still managt 
on extra crops, ^.j^g ^^^^y described by Mr. C. S. Read more than twenty yea 
ago. Directly the wheat is cut the land between the rows 
shocks is ploughed, and the sheaves are sometimes removed 1 
hand to the ploughed ground, so that all the surface may 
turned over and ready for sowing stubble-turnips the moment t 
wheat has been carted. Should the field have been manured 1 
the wheat-crop, no further dressing is applied ; but, if not, gua 
or superphosphate is sown with the turnip-seed. These turni 
require horse-hoeing, and are set out with narrow hoes, as thf 
is no time for them to grow to any great size. The little cro 
produced are either fed off, to be followed by barley or oats, 
they remain till late in spring for ewes and lambs, and ; 
generally followed by swedes. To procure a constant a 
varying supply of green crops for the stock in summer, fanri' 
