^U = 348 
Practical Agriculture. 
Rotations ou 
the clays. 
The warp- 
lands. 
Isle of Ax- 
holme small 
farms. 
Yorkshire. 
East Riding. 
tract of red clay belonging to the green-sand formation, th{ 
courses are (1) turnips, (2) wheat, (3) barley, (4) turnips 
(5) oats, (6) wheat, (7) clover, (8) oats or wheat ; and (1) turnips 
(2) wheat, (3) barley, (4) turnips, (5) barley, (6) seeds, mowi 
one year and manured, or grazed two years and manured, thei 
broken up for (7) oats or wheat. On the sands, with very porou 
subsoil, some farmers apply two light dressings of farmyard 
manure to the seeds in two successive years, choosing mois 
weather for the operation. White marl or chalky clay and limi 
are largely used upon these lands. On the strong clays bar 
fallow, followed by (2) wheat, (3) seeds, (4) beans, peas, or oats 
and sometimes (5) wheat, is a common course ; but tares grazed 
and swedes drawn off the land, and a proportion of mangolds am 
cabbages, are grown. 
In the north-western district, on the alluvial or warp-soiU 
potatoes are largely cultivated. The richest qualities of laiK 
yield potatoes and wheat alternately for many years ; on th 
second-class lands crops of beans, barley, oats, clover, flaj 
turnip-seed, or onions, intervene between the wheat and pota 
toes ; and a lower quality of warp is managed on a four-cours 
shift. Potatoes are often grown after seeds as well as after 
fallow-crop, and commonly after beans or flax rather than afte 
a white corn-crop. 
Two varieties of soil prevail upon the New Red Sandstoni 
namely, clay-loam and sand-loam. Here the holdings rang 
under 50 acres, very few farms having an extent of 100 t 
300 acres ; while acre, half-acre, and rood-pieces are general o 
the open field-land. On the clay-loam the most usual hui 
bandry is (1) fallow, (2) wheat or oats, (3) clover, seeds, ( 
beans, (4) wheat or oats. The sand-loam or rich barley-soil 
cultivated to a great extent in semi-garden style, the crops bein 
potatoes, onions, carrots, flax, turnip-seed, turnips pulled of 
clover mown, wheat, oats, peas, and beans ; the vegetables bein 
grown for the supply of Sheffield, Doncaster, and other urba 
markets. 
The rotations of cropping upon the peat, clay, and loam soi 
of the Fen and marsh districts are referred to in the chapter o 
the ' Cultivation of Marsh or Fen Land.' 
Yorkshire, England's largest province, embraces, as it wer 
three counties, named the East, West, and North Ridings, pr< 
senting great diversities in their agriculture. 
The East Ridimj, stretching between York city and the sc 
enjoys a drier and warmer climate than the other two divisioi 
with their rain-arresting moors and fells, though it suffers lil 
the North Riding from the keen winds which, in spring, bio 
off the German Ocean. 
I 
