610 = 550 
Practical Agriculture. 
Vale of York. 
Holderness. 
North Ridintr. 
Rotations. 
West Ridine. 
Semi-garden 
rotations. 
are, on many farms, grown in considerable proportion in plaoil 
of turnips in alternate rotations. 
In the Vale of It ork, on the tenacious clays, the old course 
(1) fallow, (2) wheat, (3) beans, is modified by sometimes takin 
oats instead of beans ; and, to a considerable extent, a four 
course system is adopted by sowing- clover and ryegrass on th 
wheat. On the sands the four-course is adhered to. In th 
Holderness district of strong land, the course of (1) bare fallo^\ 
(2) wheat, (3) seeds, (4) wheat, (5) oats, (6) beans, has bee 
exchanged to a great extent for (1) turnips and mangolds, i'l 
wheat, oats, or barlev, (3) one-half seeds, one-half rape, (-1 
wheat, (5) beans, peas, or tares. On the strong warp or alluvi? 
soils, beans, wheat and oats, with rape on the fallow, are th 
principal crops ; while on the lighter lands a four or five-cours 
rotation is common. 
The North Riding has, on the west, mountain limestone fell 
with rich grass-lands in the intersecting vales ; also extensiv 
coal measures. Centrally dividing the Riding are the red sane 
stone of the Vale of York and the lias clay of the Clevelan 
district ; lofty oolitic moorlands, rising to altitudes of 1200 fe( 
and 1500 feet, stretch eastward to the coast, and in a basi 
south-east of this range lie the varied soils of the \ ale ( 
Pickering and the Ryedale \ alley. The four-course husbandr 
distinguishes the turnip and barley-lands of the New Red Sam 
stone, a sand and gravel district ; and the dead fallow an 
two corn-crop system is common on the lias of the \ ale ( 
Cleveland. But the most advanced husbandry on the stron 
lands follows a six-course, thus : — (1) roots, (2) wheat, (3) oat 
(4) seeds, (5) wheat, (6) beans ; or, less exhausting, (1) root 
(2) wheat, (3) beans, (4) oats, (5) seeds, (6) wheat. Tl 
roots, the seeds, and the beans are manured with farmyard-dun 
as well as artificials ; and the other crops with purchased manun 
— rape-cake being largely applied for wheat. 
In the West Riding the most prominent geological feature 
the coal formation, with magnesian limestone and new n 
sandstone to the east, millstone-grit to the west and north, an 
mountain limestone in the Craven district on the north-west- 
a district in which the scenery is diversified by moorlands ar 
mountains. The eastern 
flat of rich warp. 
On the coal formation in the vicinity of the great manufa 
turing cities, the proportion of grass exceeds that ol the arabi 
and there exists no particular system of cropping. A comnK 
rotation is, (1) potatoes, (2) wheat, (3) clover, (4) potatoc 
(5) wheat or cabbages. W hite crops in succession, with 
third or fourth year, are not unusual. I 
extremitv of the Riding consists ol 
green crop every 
