Practical Agriculture. 
617 = 351 
een crops consist of potatoes, swedes, red clover, tares, carrots, 
bbage, and cauliflower-broccoli. Successive wheat-crops are 
lOietimes grown ; and there are instances of wheat taken suc- 
jssivelj for ten years together. The ready markets account for 
|e prevalence of green or market-garden produce ; and the 
jpply of town-made manure enables the small and even larger 
ipiers to crop their good soil with the most exhausting 
ses; while liming, and the application of artificial manures 
^iist in sustaining fertility. 
On the magnesian limestone soils the four-course turnip- 
^bandry is most common, some farmers ploughing up their 
leat-stubble for tares, which are followed by turnips — swedes 
ling grown the next year. In the deep soil of the vales in the Licorice, 
lighbourhood of Pontefract is cultivated licorice, grown for 
i officinal roots which are two to three feet in length. The 
pnts are set in trenches, and subsequently earthed up like 
! rv, to a height of 18 or 24 inches in the last year of their 
th. It is the practice to plant cabbages in the intervals, 
ti the alluvial or warp lands flax, carrots and cabbage, mustard. Special crops 
tl, until lately, consideraljle breadths of teazles for use in on the warp, 
t! cloth manufacture, and also woad, are grown in addition 
tthe usual farm crops ; and the neighbourhood of Goole and 
tlby is noted as a great potato-growing district, 
□n the red loams and sand-loams of the New Red Sandstone 
fmation the ordinary four-course system is practised on the 
I hter soils, and a longer rotation on the stronger lands. Bare 
f iOW, wheat, beans, and oats prevail upon the poor and wet 
sis of the millstone-grit ; and as well here as in the cultivated 
^ leys of the Craven district, with its mountain grazings on the 
( l)()niferous limestone, the moist atmosphere tells against the 
rening of wheat, and the springs which rise from the hills 
S)ject many of the lowlands to floods. Systematic under- 
t linage, however, has been executed throughout the North 
I ling quite as fully in proportion to the needs of the country 
ain any other part of the kingdom. 
Cheshire affords examples of peculiarities of management Cheshire. 
t()endent upon the existence of neighbouring markets for 
v^etable produce. In the vicinity of Warrington, Altrincham, Potato culture 
^lUasey, and westward of Birkenhead, double crops of potatoes 
a grown upon small plots — oak-leaf kidneys, sprouted for two 
0 three inches, being dibbled in upon well-dunged land in 
Jiuary, and covered thinly with soil. The ground is then 
c ered with straw a foot-and-a-half in depth, which is taken off 
ufine days and replaced at night. This warm treatment brings 
e,ly potatoes in the middle of April. On a larger scale, a first 
« 'P of potatoes is taken up in June, and a second crop planted. 
