620 = 354 ■ Practical Agriculture. 
red clover and 1 bushel of Italian ryegrass per acre. All th 
hay, often a magnificent crop of quite 4 tons per acre, is con 
sumed at home, all being chopped up so as to avoid waste 
Mr. Ainscough purchases every year 400 tons of stable an 
byre manures ; this, with the home-made dung, being applie 
, in enormous doses for the green-crops. Of artificial manure 
he used last year 1^ tons of Liverpool patent manure, 16 cwt) 
of Vicker's special manure, 16 cwts. of ground bones, \ ton c 
nitrate of soda, and 14 cwts. of salt ; the artificials being applie 
principally on the grass in spring. Sixteen milch cows ai 
kept, and have, in addition to their hay and roots and summe 
pasturage, grains (draff), and Indian meal. The calves are sol 
as they drop and the cows as they fatten, the selling price bein 
generally 1/. above the in-purchase money. Mr. Ainscough sell 
close upon 600Z. worth of sweet milk annually, and feeds abou 
14 pigs. The labour is nearly all supplied by the family, wit 
the exception of one hired man. 
Free sale of ghirriff notes the two facts, that, where the straw is sol 
pro uce. money realised is more than double its value if con 
sumed at home, and that the quantity of rich horse and cow 
manure brought on to the farms to replace the hay and stra\ 
removed is far greater than all the home-grown material coul 
produce. Nearly all the occupiers are yearly tenants, most! 
subject to two years' notice to quit ; and their success is owin 
principally to the freedom they enjoy in regard to rotation c 
cropping, and their liberty to send to market whatever descrip 
tion of produce is most remunerative. 
CHAPTEE VIII. 
Mantjees. 
i 
Artificial iiia- While the enormous waste of manurial matter pQured away i 
mires. unutilised volumes of our town-sewage reflects little cred: 
on the science and engineering of the age, English agricultur 
has earned a name for its costly and constant enriching of th 
soil with imported and manufactured fertilisers. But statistic 
of the total quantities of guano, of nitrates, of phosphatic an 
other minerals imported, and an enumeration of the works an 
manufactories in the metropolis and in many parts of th 
kingdom which do an immense trade in concentrated manure 
would convey a very inadequate idea of the scale on which tei 
tilisers are employed in high-class farm-management. Th 
I 
