Practical Agriculture. 
623 = 557 
The most largely used artificial manure is superphosphate of Supeiphos- 
1 le, owing to its cheapness, the manufacture from mineral P^^*^- 
J osphates having enabled makers to supply it at something like 
t ee-fifths the price formerly charged for the article prepared 
1 m bones ; while Farmers' Associations in some parts of the 
cintry supply their members at half the old price for the 
I nure made from bones and acid. But bone-dust is still used 
t a considerable extent ; and in Yorkshire and elsewhere many 
t mers buy bones and acid and prepare their turnip manure 
t mselves. 
Peruvian and other guanos may be placed next in the favour Guanos and 
oEnglish farmers, — a sounder feature having been lately given nitrate, 
f.he trade by the introduction of the fair and reasonable system 
0 valuing according to analysis an article which varies so 
eremely in quality in different cargoes. Nitrate of soda is 
as very largely used ; but complaints are universal as to the 
h h rates at which both nitrate and guano are alone procurable. 
Iibosphated and dissolved guanos, Odams's nitrophosphate, 
b od-manure, and a great number of special or compounded 
nnures for every species of crop, are also sold by agents in 
e ry agricultural market-town, and largely applied in the farm 
nnagement of every district with the exception of a few back- 
wrd and benighted localities. 
t would be a long list if I were to enumerate all the artificial Quantities ap- 
fi.ilisers offered for sale on English corn-exchanges ; for, as P"'^'^- 
ned by Mr. J. Dent Dent in his very instructive paper on the 
(isus of 1871 (in the 'Journal of the Royal Agricultural 
S;iety,' vol. x. N.S.), there were 581 manure-manufacturers in 
Inland and Wales in the year 1861, and 1210 in the year 1871. 
l,e various guanos are applied at rates per acre from 2 up 
tcl cwts. ; nitrate of soda, 1 to 2 cwts. ; superphosphate of lime, 
4)8 cwts. ; sulphate of ammonia, 1 to 2 cwts. ; nitro-phosphate 
0 blood-manure, 3 to 6 cwts. ; common salt, 4 to 8 cwts. ; Kainit 
o potash salt, 3 to 5 cwts., but this generally in connection with 
0 er manures. Among the manures of limited application are Manures of 
M)llen rags, horn-dust, gas-lime, gypsum, charcoal, soot, and '^PP'"' 
tt waste products from many manufactures. And it being im- 
psible to adduce any particular manure or mixture as com- 
iinly preferred for roots, for corn, or for pasture, I have been 
c tent to give a few instances of actual practice in the chapter 
0 Rotations of Cropping, and to state the amounts of money 
Ciended by good managers in the purchase of artificials. 
Tjanks to the efforts of the Royal Agricultural Society and other 
a^icultural bodies, the practice of buying subject to analysis 
1 )eing greatly extended. 
'OL. XIV.— s.s, 2 u 
