628 = 362 
Practical Agriculture. 
ammonia. It Is far more common to relieve the yards of ar 
excessive quantity of manure from time to time by carting oui 
Dmig-pits. portions to such field-heaps, than to store the dung in pits 
excavated, brick-lined, and protected by a shed-roof for the 
purpose : though these exist on some farm-lands, forming ar 
admirable means of preserving the manure in the best condition 
Pits under sheds, provided on different parts of the farm con 
venient for application to the land, have been introduced, bu 
very scantily adopted. The major part of the farmyard-manurr 
however, is carried direct from the yards in which the manur 
from stalls and stables has been regularly added to that made b 
cattle, and also from sheep-yards, and is applied in its fresi 
condition to the land. Care is taken to plough in the manur 
promptly in warm and dry weather ; but, in cold and mois 
weather, exposure after spreading is not found detrimental 
and the top-dressing of young seeds is done at that seasoi 
when spring rains wash the short manure, to the benefit of th 
absorbent soil below. 
CHAPTEE IX. 
Motive Powee. Implements and Machines. 
Steam Cultivation. 
Ox-team?. Ox-Teams. — Slow oxen urging the unwilling plough, or wit 
tedious steps hauling the ponderous-toothed drag through th 
huge clods of a fallow, are to be seen only in a small numbc 
of the English counties ; though many a farmer is accustome 
to train a bull to work in carting field produce — a labour f( 
which, owing to their great strength, these animals are wc 
adapted. 
Ox-teams are employed to a small extent in Wiltshir 
Devonshire, Cornwall, Sussex, and some other counties ; chief 
as an adjunct to horse-teams, and not to perform the who 
draught labour of the farm. It is calculated that, in harrowir 
or rolling, a pair of horses will do 8 acres a day, when four oxt 
will scarcely do more than 6 acres a day ; and in ploughing, 
pair of horses will turn over an acre a day, when four oxen w; 
scarcely accomplish three-fourths. In carting on hilly farir 
four good oxen are considered equal to a pair of horses. Tl 
custom is to keep double the number required to work at ai 
one time, one-half being yoked out in the morning and t 
other half in the afternoon. 
