Practical Agriculture. 
641 = 375 
larged his occupation ; but on the original farm he has now 
irsued his own peculiar system, with implements of his own 
vention, for twenty-five years. The old bare fallow is 
; olished ; the land is as clean as a garden ; and remarkably fine 
ijps of roots, wheat, barley, beans, and clover are grown. Yet 
ry little artificial manure is applied, while the farmyard-dung 
; plied for mangolds is of a weak description ; the productive- 
)ss being maintained chiefly by mechanical treatment, which 
)th unlocks and perpetually prepares the inexhaustible stores 
I mineral nutriment for plants existing in the soil, and at the 
!Tie time continually introduces new stores of organic con- 
! tuents from the atmosphere. 
Mr. Smith does not find it necessary on that land to invert Kon-inversion 
i row-slices for the purpose of burying and so destroying the °^ **** 
! filings of weeds. On the contrary, he denounces the plough 
J a planter of root-weeds, and he uses it only for turning 
or and tightly-tucking the furrows of a clover-lea for wheat- 
sving. For several years together his fields are deeply tilled 
1 the tines of his steam cultivator, and by the ridge or double 
I mid-board plough and subsoiler. A single process in autumn 
] spares a manured wheat-stubble for mangold-sowing in the 
i lowing spring. The steam-trencher, that is, a ridge-plough Autumn- 
ith tines which break up the ground in advance, throws the "dging for 
II- T Ml • 1 • 1 -11 mangolds. 
1 id into drills or ridges, covering up the manure with them ; 
si the intervals are then bottomed by a subsoiler. Nothing 
lire is required; and in spring mangold-seed is drilled or 
obled on the powdery crests of the ridges. Bean-stubble is 
sashed up by the cultivator, and harrowed and drilled with 
1 eat; and a combined cultivator and drill cross-cultivates and 
c Us beans, or breaks up and drills barley on the land after 
t; root crop. There is an extraordinary economy in this 
s am tillage as compared with horse-work ; and the increase in 
I)duce is so great, that the wonder is why a larger number of 
1 mers have not literally copied the Woolston management. 
'..e gain in root-crops and clover is very considerable ; the 
i<rease in yield of corn is valued at fully 8 bushels per acre ; 
al the value of the fee-simple of the land has been raised 
I)bably 20/. per acre, from the depth and porosity given to the 
sple, and the proofs of acquired or developed fertility mani- 
fted in the regularity with which the land continues to give 
hivy and high-quality crops. 
\mong the greatest labour-saving inventions lately intro- Labour- 
<J:ed, or so improved as to be widely adopted, are the double- ^^^^f 
f row and three-furrow ploughs, dispensing with one out of four introduction 
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