650 = 384 Dairy Farminfj. 
much exceed half-a-million. In addition to these there are mo: 
than three times as many large-framed dairy cows in this countr 
all of which have received more or less strongly the impress 
the Shorthorn cross. The dairy districts of Lancashire, Derb 
shire, Staffordshire, and Warwickshire, where Longhorns oni 
prevailed, have thus all more or less a Shorthorn character : tl 
dairy districts of Cheshire, where Welsh and Irish cattle on 
prevailed, are now almost wholly Shorthorn ; and the san 
may be said of the dairy counties of Gloucestershire, Leiceste 
shire, Somersetshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Bucks, &c., whe 
cattle of local breeds formerly were prevalent. On the oth 
hand, in the grazing districts of Yorkshire, Leicestershii 
Northamptonshire, Lincolnshire and Buckinghamshire, &( 
excepting imported Hereford, Welsh, and Irish cattle (whic 
however, are now also mostly Shorthorns) one will hard 
see any other. 
In drawing up a report of the dairy husbandry of this countr 
which includes the maintenance of all these cattle, as well ^ 
the various uses to which their milk is devoted, I propose fii 
to describe the breeds and the farm management of our pri 
cipal dairy districts, and then to describe the four princip 
dairy industries, viz. : (1) Calf-rearing ; (2) Milk-selling ; ( 
the Cheese Manufacture, and (4) Butter Dairying. 
Management The proprietors of the ' Agricultural Gazette ' have lent me 
of land and number of illustrations of the several breeds which I ha 
live-btock. named, and, in referring to them, I shall at the same time 
able to describe the general management of the several dai 
districts from which the portraits have been obtained. 
I propose in the first place to describe the ordinary dai 
Shorthorn and the farm management which obtains in the d 
tricts where this is the common dairy cow. 
The Shorthorn The portrait (Fig. 1) represents one of three cows whi 
breed. received the first prize as the best dairy cattle in the first SIk 
of the British Dairy Farmers' Association at Islington in l^i 
It may be taken as fairly representative of the best class ol t 
ordinary dairy cattle now to be found in most English dai 
districts — large-framed cattle of a distinct Shorthorn charact 
capable of carrying a great weight of good beef with compa 
lively little offal, as soon as they have finished at the dai 
I saw these three cows milked one morning in May 1877, wh 
their calves were about 12 weeks old. They gave 10, 1 0, 11 qua 
apiece at that milking, and had given nearly as much the ev( 
ing before. The three cows, with their aggregate of 15 galk 
of milk daily, were at that time making at least seven stone 
cheese a week, worth more than 3/. They were thus yieldi ' 
1 
11 
