Dairy Farmintj. 
653 = 357 
During autumn the cows at grass receive some cabbages and 
cbs. of decorticated cottonseed-cake daily, and this keeps them 
i full milk to the end of their time, or within two months of 
t ir calving again. The use of decorticated cotton-cake is one 
othe chief features of the farm management here ; and it results 
nr. only in the profitable maintenance of both the milking and 
t fatting process, but in the gradual improvement of the pasture. 
I iw it given to ewes, young stock, and cattle both in the house 
al in the field. The cattle at grass have it put down to them 
u small heaps, in the same way as they are foddered with hav, 
ua new place every day on the bare ground, from which they 
pk it up as clean as if it had never been put down. Cows are 
bught to pail at 2 to 2^ years old, when they are already well- 
g wn heifers, and with some extra keep they make ultimately 
a; big cows, with less immediate liability to barrenness when 
b ught in thus young than if kept a year longer. The heifer 
c es, first fed on new milk, are weaned on whey and meal, or, 
W!n butter commands a good price, on skim-milk and meal; 
tt'- are taught to eat linseed-cake and are turned out to grass 
ix'fune, and left out altogether until brought in to calve two 
y«'s afterwards. They thus remain out, with an open field- 
stl for shelter, for a couple of winters, receiving daily at 
fii from \ lb. to 1 lb. of linseed-cake, and afterwards more of 
it ith the cotton-cake ; getting perhaps 1 lb. of each, along with 
caiage or grass, during the first autumn or winter, and 2 lbs. 
or lbs. of decorticated cotton-cake, with a little hay, during the 
se nd winter. 
[r. Carrington feeds a considerable number of cows during 
w:ter for the production of milk for sale, some being bought 
inutumn and fed liberally through the winter, and afterwards 
drd off and grazed on some of the better pastures, cake being 
gi n at the same time. From 80 to 90 Shropshire ewes are 
ke , and their produce (except part of the ewe lambs kept for 
th 3ock) are sold fat at from 13 to 15 months old. The ewes 
MLvintered on the old pastures receiving a few roots, and \ lb. 
of ^corticated cotton-cake per head when near lambing. 
he pastures as well as the meadows feel the benefit of the 
0 tant extra feeding of both sheep and cattle, which improves 
ih« grass, benefits the sheep and cattle, and permanently im- 
pF'CS the condition of the land. 
be land has been drained where necessary 4 feet deep, with 
pi]s. More than 100 acres have thus been regularly drained 
at e sole cost of the tenant. Unnecessary fences are removed, 
po ons being left for shelter in the midst of the larger fields 
thi thrown together : and wet places are drained when neces- 
saj by occasional drains. 
