Dairy Farming. 
661 = 5P5 
The Hereford breed is not noteworthy for its dairy merits, The Hereford 
though herds almost wholly Hereford are in some cases, espe- breed, 
illy in Dorsetshire, maintained on some dairy farms. The 
•rtrait (Fig. 4) is that of " Helena," a Hereford heifer, bred by 
r. T. J. Carwardine of Leominster, which has taken several 
iizes at our leading cattle shows, and may be taken as a fair 
presentative of the breed. The engraving is copied from a 
olograph, and one gathers from it a perfectly accurate im- 
ession of the breed, so far as it goes. The red colour, of 
(urse, cannot be given, but the white face is characteristic; 
;d all the rest, it will be understood, is of a red colour. 
The Hereford, though in general hardly so large as the 
fjlinary Shorthorn, attains as great a weight at an early age, 
nen fed for beef. It is pre-eminently a beef-producing and 
Uf-carrying breed. The live weights of the fat Shorthorn 
jd Hereford cattle at the annual Smithfield exhibition are 
fnost identical at corresponding ages. Although, however, 
t s breed is rarely cultivated for its dairy qualities, yet there is 
J ficient testimony to the fact that when bred especially for dairy 
jrposes it satisfies its breeder. Thus, in a lecture before the 
lecon Chamber of Agriculture, Mr. Duckham, well known as 
e tor of the ' Hereford Herdbook,' says of the milking pro- 
I'ties of the Herefords :■ — ^" The Hereford herd of Mr. James, 
c Mappowder, Blandford, Dorset, has been established thirty 
jirs. He tells me that Hereford dairies are becoming very 
gieral in that county, and adds, ' In proof that they are good 
f milk with us, I let 100 cows to dairy people, and if I buy 
C3 of any other breed to fill up a deficiency, the dairymen 
a^ays grumble, and would rather have one of my own bred 
I fers.' Mr. Olver^Penhallow, Cornwall, says, ' Hereford cows 
a generally said to be bad milkers. That is contrary to my 
oerience, and I feel persuaded that when such is the case it 
(]!S not arise from any constitutional defect, but rather from 
B jmanagement in rearing, or a deficiency of the constituents 
eential to the production of milk in their food.' He adds, ' My 
c IT, " Patience," bred by Mr. J. G. Cooke, Moreton House, 
I reford, has yielded 14 lbs. of butter per week ; and " Blossom," 
h d by Mr. Longmore, Buckton, Salop, gave 22 quarts of milk, 
ylding 2^ lbs. of butter per day.' " 
n Herefordshire the cows are wintered on turnips and straw, A Hereford 
v.h a little hay in yards or on dry fields. They calve from 
Iiaruary to May, and the calf runs with its dam all through the 
snmer. It is wintered on hay and roots with a little cake in 
yds, grazed the following summer, and either wintered again 
ajl sold in the autumn of the third year, or sold at the Here- 
f"d autumn fairs at some twenty months old, for prices which 
