(510 = 404 
Dairy Farmwy. 
CHAPTER III. 
The Sale of Milk. 
Sale of Milk. I NOW come to the disposal of milk for direct consumptioi 
as the second principal use of the dairy produce of the countr} 
Some years ago I investigated the London milk supply (se 
' Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society,' vol. iv., 2nd Series' 
p. 69), and that of some smaller English and Scottish towns 
The quantity consumed in London at that time amoiinte 
to about 1-5 th of a pint a-head. In Stirling, again, a Scottis 
town of 12,500 inhabitants, the consumption was 2-7ths of 
pint daily. In the case of many thousands of people in wor 
houses, orphanages, and asylums, where the food is und 
medical direction, the milk consumption was ascertained t 
be 2-5ths of a pint for each individual daily — being nearl 
twice the actual ordinary consumption of the ordinary popi 
lation in England. There were at that time 24,000 cow 
in London cow-houses ; but the country supply was rapidV 
growing, and the cattle-plague had greatly diminished tl 
number of milch-cows in town. Since then the country supp! 
brought in by railway has enormously developed, and the est 
mate of INIr. G. M. Allender, manager of one of the largest • 
the London Dairy Companies, indicates an increased individu 
consumption. I believe, therefore, it may be assumed that tl 
direct milk consumption in this country of over 30,000,0( 
people, is now not far short of 1,000,000 gallons daily througho 
the year, or more than one-third of the whole milk produce 
the country. The market for milk in London now affects farr 
100 and 150 miles away ; and the business of milk productic 
and transmission is conducted on an enormous scale. VVh( 
the farm is not more distant, whether by train or carriage, th; 
two hours from the breakfast or tea table where its milk is to 1 
consumed, the milking is done in early morning and afterno( 
accordingly, and the milk is put direct from the pail into tl 
large vessels — about 3 feet high, in shape like th^ frustrum of 
slender cone, and capable of holding 15 or IG gallons — in whi< 
it is carried in spring-carts either to the station or to the deale: 
premises in the neighbouring town. In this case the only pr 
caution taken is to have these vessels absolutely clean. No coolii 
of the milk is considered necessary ; it is poured into the ca 
which is filled to the lid, locked and despatched. 
Country supply When the farm is in a distant county, and the milk cannot 
of milk. delivered in less than ten or twelve hours, great care is taken 
cool and aerate it before placing it in the can for transmissic 
It is either placed in shallow tin vessels in cold water, and th 
