684 = 415 
Dairy Farming. 
received had been sent to London, the cost of labour — manage 
75Z., assistant, 29/. 14s., and extra-assistant, 11/. 13s., — amount( 
to 116/. 7s., or 2s. per cwt., for the 58 tons 17 cwt. 3 qrs. ar 
3 lbs. of green cheese which had been made. The cost of mat 
rials — coal, 15/. 16s. 4(/., coke, 2/. 19s. 2c/., bandages and cloth 
4/. 14s. If/., salt, 5/. 8s., rennet, 22/. 17s. 8f/., and annatto 1/. 12 
— amounted to 53/. 7s. 3c?., or 11c?. per cwt. of the cheese. Tl 
petty expenses, amounting to 11. 9s. 5f/., reached l^c?. per cwt 
the account-keeping — 10/. — came to about 2c?., and the rent 
the building and plant — -40/. — to 8c?. per cwt. The cost upc 
the whole thus reached 3s. 10c?. per cwt. of the green chee: 
manufactured, or, assuming a shrinkage of 10 per cent., to rath 
more than 4s. ?>d. per cwt. over the quantity sold. Deductir 
the charges for rent and accountant, it would amount to 4 
exactly. And, let it be remembered, that at this rate, the cost 
a dairy of 30, 40, 50, or 70 cows, yielding 4 cwt. of chee 
apiece, would amount to only 24/., 32/., 40/., or 48/. respe 
tively for the sum of the items of labour, fuel, and materia 
employed in cheese-making. Of course the milk has to 1 
carried under this system, and the milking of the cows and tl 
scalding of the vessels have still to be done and paid for und' 
any system ; but it is not to be doubted that there is here £ 
immense saving of labour and expenditure. 
It is believed that when the best quality of cheese is made i 
home dairies, at least 8c/. per gallon is made of the milk alt 
gether — including the cheese, any butter that is sold, and the poi 
that is made by the conversion of the whey into meat. Ar 
few farmers will admit that they do not make more than 7c? 
but of the actual facts exact knowledge hardly anywhere exis 
The dairy factory has this advantage, that the exact accour 
are teaching dairy farmers knowledge. The following are tl 
returns from some of the factories in Derbyshire : — 
At Mickleover 107,852 gallons of milk, received in 1873 fro:i 
250 cows in April and afterwards till November, produc 
102,882 lbs. of green cheese. And assuming a shrinkage of 1 
per cent., there must have been a sale of upwards of 38 to" 
The cheese made at this factory had realised an average priii 
of 85s. per cwt. of 120 lbs. The labour in this case cost 140/ 
fuel 18/., materials 12/. — 170/. in all, or rather more ths| 
4s. 4(/. per cwt. The labour employed and paid for here coull 
have dealt with double the quantity of milk ; the material 
employed were, of course, in proportion to the milk on whit* 
they were employed. At 85/. per ton, the cheese made at leal 
3230/., or rather less than l\d. per gallon of the milk. I\ 
Longford 246,553 gallons of milk had been made into 250,1c 
lbs. of green cheese ; 84i^ tons had been sold, at an averaj 
