Dairy Farming. 
691 = 425 
st in successive waters and afterwards on a dry slab, until the 
lole of the butter-milk is removed ; after which, beaten with 
-called butter-boards, it is weighed in 2-lb. rolls and is ready 
r sale. A little salt is well kneaded in with the butter before 
e weighing, but not so much as to give it a salt taste. 
The skim-milk is used for fattening pigs. It is sometimes 
ven alone, but generally along with from 3 to 7 lbs. of meal 
jarley and Indian corn) daily, according to the size of the hog. 
Ide profits of the pigstye are said to pay for the labour. The 
'fference between the buying and selling of the cow yields a 
ofit which covers the risk of loss from abortion and drop 
er calving, as well as general disease ; and the annual produce 
butter and in calf together may amount to 18/. a cow. Of 
e it has become more generally the practice to give to milking 
iws 2 or 3 lbs. daily of linseed-cake apiece, especially to those 
'lich come to the pail in winter or before the grass is ready. 
' 16 quality of the milk derived from young cows fed on hay and 
od grass is as good as it can be, and the quality of the butter 
< the district depends solely on good dairy management. Great 
tre is taken — by industry in keeping all vessels clean, scouring 
I; leaden vessels with sand and ashes, after their successive 
i;s, and scrubbing and scalding all wooden vessels, also by 
horious manipulation of the butter, adding the requisite pro- 
jrtion of salt — to insure the first quality ; and Aylesbury butter 
cnmands the highest price in the market. 
Dorsetshire practice differs from that of Aylesbury mainly in A Dorsetshire 
t ' somewhat different feeding of the cattle, but also in the manu- 
t ture of a skim-milk cheese. The farms are generally to some 
<;ent arable as well as pasture. The dairy is sometimes let, 
; in Ayrshire, to a dairyman or " bower," who pays an annual 
lit of from 12Z. to 13Z. per cow, receiving certain allotted quan- 
ties of grass and other materials, together with the use of the 
tiry and its appliances. Sometimes, however, a farmer agrees 
Uh a dairyman to manage for him. This manager is paid 7c?. 
] ■ cow weekly, besides having dwelling accommodation, fuel, 
I Ik, and a certain allowance of butter free. The year is sup- 
ped to commence on February 14, when a certain quantity of 
1 id is apportioned to the dairy — about an acre of pasture and 
3* acre of " hay grass," i. e. feed after the hay has been grown 
al saved, to each cow. Calving is arranged to commence 
a)ut Christmas ; and, as they calve, the cows are tied up in 
stlls and are fed entirely upon hay, and when thus tied up the 
' rage weekly produce of butter has been as much as 5 lbs. from 
h cow. The bull-calves are generally sold fat to the butcher 
n from four to six weeks old. When three or four days 
they go into a shed or barn, where they soon learn to drink 
