714=445 
Pastoral Husbandry. 
leavings on the fold. The practice formerly pursued of givi 
in-Iamb ewes a full allowance of turnips is generally disci 
tinned, it being found that they are much better without si 
w\itery food before lambing. 
The lambinf When about lambing, the ewes are brought at nights intc , 
season. covered shed or yard ; or a movable lambing-shed is taken i . 
the open field, and protection against wind and rain is provic [ 
by means of hurdles wattled with straw, or one or two old w • 
gons part loaded with straw, the shepherds giving them ur • 
mitting attention both by day and night. 
The ewes, after lambing, are w ell fed, having straw, ch \ 
or hay, and \ lb. to 1 lb. of cake or meal, with roots. 
Whatever be the destination of the lamb, the ewe should t 
this time be liberally fed. 
When the lambs are two or three weeks old they begin to t 
food with their dams, and lamb-hurdles are often provic , 
allowing them to run before the fold, and eat a little dust lins( • 
cake or bruised oats. A change of food for the ewes is desire s 
as soon as it can be well given. Early rye, or Italian ryegr 
or the second year's clover, with a few mangolds and ^ lb. e b 
daily of cotton-cake, proves an excellent diet. Castration f 
all male lambs not required for stock purposes is often done y 
drawing, at ten days to twenty days old, or is done by searin it 
three months old. Weaning takes place at from three to ir 
months old ; where the lambs are early taught to eat artifi il 
food it is not desirable to delay it too long. 
On those farms where fat lambs are sold to the butcher a n 
early age they remain with the ewes until sold. 
Weaning and The lambs, when weaned, are either taken a distance a ly 
dipping. Qf |.jjg sound of their dams bleating, or a double ro\ 3f 
hurdles at a little distance keeps them apart, when they b( re 
long become pacified. The lambs are provided with a su( s- 
sion of green food, much importance being attached to a freq nt 
change of diet. 
It is not well for them to graze on land which has been fo ad 
with older sheep, the rank luxuriant herbage of clover or { Sk 
produced by the sheep-manure being unhealthy food for la 
and causing scour. 
The lambs, after weaning, are all dipped in some prepari on 
to destroy parasites, and to prevent for a time the attacks o h* 
maggot-fly, which in some districts, especially where i ch 
timber exists, is very troublesome, blowing upon the wool, id* 
unless quickly eradicated, spoiling the wool, and even someti» 
killing the lamb. The ewes are also commonly,- alter 1 if' 
shorn in ^lay, dipped or smeared with some similar prepare J»« 
The ewes which, either on account of age or imperfectioi iK 
