130 = 464 
The Cultivation of Hops. 
wires stretched horizontally between stout posts, like telegi .h 
posts. There are other arrangements of vertical and horizo il 
wires like those that are so much used in all parts of Germai * 
but they have not as yet been largely adopted by the hop-plar rs 
of England. All these patent systems have great advantage n 
windy weather over the old-fashioned plan of using upright pi s. 
Their first cost is greater, but the cost of yearly maintenanc is 
not nearly so great. Mr. Coley's method costs from 70/. to /. 
per acre, and about 21. per acre per annum for maintaining 
Tying hop- Tying the hop-bines to the poles is almost invariably c le 
bines per- women, who fasten two or three of the best to each pole • h 
formed by '. ^ . , . • , ^ 
women. rushes or strips oi matting, taking care not to tie the knots lo 
tightly. Many planters send men to pull out the coarser d 
ranker or " pipy " bines before the women begin to tie, as t se 
are held to be less productive than the finer shoots. After le 
bines get too high for the women to reach, they are prov xl 
LadJui- tying, with light folding-ladders to enable them to fasten in t ir 
places recalcitrant leading shoots, which the wind has preve -d 
from getting to the poles in their ordinary manner by mear jf 
their " normal axial twistings," and the independent rev i- 
tions of each internode."]" 
Large qxianti- Hop-plants require an immense amount of manure, as is 
ties ot manure jjggj^ proved by practical experiments and demonstrated by le 
scientific investigations of Messrs. Payen, Voelcker, Nesbit, id 
Kinds and cost Way. They are usually manured with from 15 to 20 tons off? i- 
ot manure. yard-manure made with animals fed on oilcake and corn, a 
cost of from 61. 10s. to 9/. per acre. Waste from furriers' sh s, 
shoddy from cloth manufactories, woollen rags, and other bi j 
manures, are applied in the winter season. Lighter manun jf 
quicker action, such as rape-cake finely ground, guano, well-n le 
highly concentrated farmyard-manure, nitrate of soda, and su r- 
phosphate of lime, are dug in with the spud, or chopped in h 
the pronged hoe round the hills in the spring and early sum r, 
at a cost of from SI. to 51. per acre ; and it frequently happens it 
the manure put upon an acre of hops, in one year, has cost 1 
Implement for The land is deeply cultivated with nidgetts (Ffg. 3) until J y, 
kn?'"° ^° ^^^^^^ ^ ^'^P*^^ of 7 or 8 inches of finely triturated c ;li 
throughout. Experienced planters think it unadvisable to n 'e 
the land deeply when the innumerable fibres sent out from le 
roots are traversing the soil, just under the surface, in searc ol 
* In a pamphlet styled ' Der Hopfenbau,' written by F. Wirth, a large p- 
planter at Kaltenberg, in Wurtembcrg, six different methods of using I9 
instead of poles are elaborately explained and illustrated. 
t A description of this curious habit of the hop-plant is f;iveu in a wo: 'J 
Mr. Darwin, ' On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants,' wl.o Si 
" The purpose of this spontaneous revolving movement, successively dir' el l" 
all parts of the compass, is obviously to favour the shoot finding a support." 
