S2S = 562 Influence of Chemical Discoveries on 
which the different organic and mineral constituents of the soi 
and the various manuring agents are capable of producing on dif 
ferent natural orders of plants, the British agriculturists hav. 
' Increase in the learned to make good use of artificial manures. The annua 
fieials consumption of guano, nitrate of soda, bone-dust, dissolvpc 
' '■' bones, superphosphate of lime, and compound artificial'manure 
specially prepared for particular crops, is unquestionably greate 
in Great Britain than in any other country. 
Magnitude of The manufacture of artificial manures, more especially that o 
the English superphosphate of lime, is carried out in England at present oi 
manufactnie. ^ very large scale, millions of pounds sterling having beei 
embarked in this recent branch of applied manufacturin: 
chemistry. There are in England at present probably a dozei 
or more manufacturers of artificial manures, each of whon 
produces annually from 45,000 to 50,000 tons and upwards o 
artificial manures, and many more makers turn out from 100< 
to 20,000 tons each per annum. An idea of the magnitude of th' 
manufacture of, and trade in, artificial manures in England cai 
be formed from the fact that the importations into England o 
phosphatic minerals, bone-ash, and phosphatic guano from al 
parts of the world, for use as raw materials for the manufactur. 
of artificial manures, probably exceeds 500,000 tons per annum 
Raw materials In a brief report it is not possible to give a lengthy descrip 
tion of the various raw materials used by manufacturers o 
artificial manures, and imported into England during the las 
few years, nor is it a matter of general interest to refer to thi 
composition and uses of the numerous manufactured portablf 
manures which are so largely employed at present by Britlsl 
agriculturists, either alone or in conjunction with farmyan 
manure. The following is a list of the raw manure material 
which are employed in the manufacture of artificial manures :— 
Phosphatic 1. Phospliatic materials : — 
Mtitcritil.'^. . • • • 
a. Phosphatic minerals, used chiefly in the manufacture o 
superphosphate of lime, forming the basis of compound manure 
for every description of agricultural produce. » 
Cambridge, Suffolk, and Bedfordshire coprolites ; Boulogm 
coprolites ; South Carolina Land and River phosphate ; Germai 
or Lahn-phosphate ; Spanish and Portuguese phosphorite ; Bor 
deaux or French phosphate. Canadian apatite; ISorwegiai 
apatit« ; Welsh or Silurian phosphate ; Sombrero phosphate 
Navassa phosphate ; St. Martin's phosphate ; Curacao Rocl 
phosphate ; Redonda phosphate ; Alta Vela phosphate. 
h. Bones and bone materials : 
Raw bones ; refuse bones of glue-makers ; spent animal cha 
coal : South American bone-ash. 
