Tltc Royal Agricultural Society of England. 881 = 615 
oyal Farm-prize has been a cause of pecuniary loss to any of 
le winners. On the contrary, many landlords have supple- 
ented, not only the prizes, but even the commendations of the 
moiety's Judges, by silver cups or other marks of their satis- 
ction ; and in nearly all cases a share of the credit obtained 
,- the tenant is necessarily reflected upon his landlord. The 
ndlord, or his agent, also knows that a bad farmer is a very 
;pensive appanage to an estate ; and the practice of estimat- 
g the value of a tenant by the success of his farming is 
■coming more and more general. If a farmer can produce 
)od average or over average crops, with clean land, his land- 
rd is satisfied ; but if, on the other hand, the land is badly 
rmed, it becomes foul, yields poor crops, and the landlord 
ill lose almost as much as the tenant, if the landlord does not 
on change his tenant, or the tenant change his farming. 
It has been found necessary to attach certain conditions to Conditions of 
e offer of these prizes, with a view to exclude so-called " Model competition, 
irms," which are held as an amusement at a great expense by 
;althy men. The object of the prizes is to encourage good 
\ d profitable farming as a business, and the competitions are 
erefore limited to tenant-farmers paying a bona fide rent for at 
ist three-fourths of the land which they cultivate. All the land 
: their occupation must be entered for competition, although 
•.me of it may not be in the area defined for the purpose. This 
; a necessary stipulation, to enable the Judges to come to a 
crrect conclusion as to the quantity of stock maintained on 
j^iven acreage, that being one criterion of the quality of the 
J -ming. 
The Judges are instructed especially to consider : — Instructions 
" r ./ Judges. 
(1.) General Management with a view to Profit. 
(2.) Productiveness of Crops. 
(3.) Goodness and Suitability of Live Stock. 
(4.) Management of Grass Land. 
(5.) State of Gates, Fences, Roads, and General Neatness. 
(6.) Book-keeping. 
In the case of Dairy Farms there is an additional instruction 
< the " Management of the Dairy and Dairy Produce." 
Three Judges, one of whom acts as Reporter, are appointed 
1 the Council of the Society, and the awards made are founded 
< the results of their inspections, usually three in number : — 
he in winter (preferably before Christmas), when the winter- 
iinagement of stock is the chief subject of investigation ; one 
' spring (generally in May), when the state of the land, both as 
,^ards cultivation and cleanliness, the appearance of the growing 
in, the preparations for turnip-sowing, and the management 
3 N 2 
