On Lameness in Sheep and Lambs. 
5 
sheep is placed upon a dry upland pasture, or driven a distance 
on stony roads, the softened heels become bruised, inflammation 
is set up in the sensitive parts of the foot, matter forms, and the 
sheep suffers acute pain and lameness : the crust at the toe having 
grown very long, it either curves inwards and forms an under or 
artificial covering to the sole, serving to accumulate and retain 
earth and filth, or is broken off in detached parts, in some cases 
exposing the quick or opening new pores, into which particles of 
earth and sand force their way, until, reaching the quick, matter 
forms in one or more of the digits ; the attachment between the 
sensible and insensible parts of the foot is destroyed, whilst the 
matter ascends and breaks out upon the heel, or outside of the 
foot. 
Treatment. — Treatment of the common foot-rot, or gravel, 
merely consists in removing all the hoof that has been separated 
from the parts beneath (a small pocket drawing-knife will be the 
best instrument for this purpose), taking care not to injure the 
sensitive parts of the foot, which would certainly aggravate inflam- 
mation. Wash the foot with a solution of alum, in the proportion 
of half an ounce to a pint of water ; cover the denuded parts with 
the oxide of zinc, over which place a pad of tow and bandage of 
broad tape or calico. This dressing, repeated at intervals of two 
or three days, will speedily effect a cure. If a number of sheep 
are affected at the same time, and the plan of covering the foot 
appears too tedious, the flock may be placed in a dry situation 
for three or four hours after each dressing : a dry heath, a rough 
upland dry pasture, or a fold, the bedding of which is thickly 
covered with straw, will be found to answer well. If unhealthy 
granulations (proud flesh) spring up, and the above application 
proves inefficient to reduce them, and there is an indisposition 
in the healthy horn to form, which commonly happens in such 
cases, the parts occupied by proud flesh may be slightly touched 
with a red-hot iron and have a covering of tar and tow applied, 
the foot and leg being bandaged ; or, instead of the hot iron, a 
powder, composed of equal parts of linseed-meal and blue vitriol, 
will be found beneficial. These dressings, repeated about twice 
a-vveek, will never fail to effect a cure : great care is necessary 
that no part of the foot but that occupied by proud flesh be 
touched with the hot iron or vitriol. Such dressings are required 
only when the flesh appears spongy or unhealthy, for the too 
frequent application of caustics retards recovery. 
II. Epizootic Foot-rot, or Murrain. — Epizootic foot-rot (or 
murrain) consists in inflammation of the skin connected with the 
hoof (involving the lamina? and villa^), the formation of blisters 
upon the heels and between the digits, which in three or four 
days break and expose deep red, inflamed, and tender surfaces ; 
