Autumn Cleaning of Stubbles. 
115 
when the frost havin<T mellowed it sufficiently the ridges were 
split, for which operation fine weather is indispensable. The 
grubber, roller, and harrow were then used at discretion. The 
expense per acre was as follows : — 
£. s. d. 
Scarifying 0 2 3 
Collecting and Ijurning 0 5 0 
Ridging up, 3 horses 0 6 0 
Striking 0 4 0 
Dragging twice 0 2 4 
Harrowing 0 10 
lioUing 0 1 8 
12 3 
If the ground should open " unkind," it should be allowed to 
remain longer, or four furrows given to each ridge before splitting 
it, which would then be the last operation. The land was sown 
plain, 28 inches between the drills. On 14 acres adjoining, the 
first ploughing was given about the end of November — the land 
being ploughed 7 inches deep in two rod stetches. It remained 
thus until March, when it was ploughed again — the roller and 
grubber following. It was ploughed a third time and left rolled 
ready for the seed furrow. The expense per acre, as compared 
with the last method, was — 
£. s. d. 
1st Ploughing, 3 horses 0 10 0 
2nd do. 2 horses 0 7 0 
3rd do. do 0 7 0 
Dragging twice 0 2 4 
HaiTowing and rolling 0 2 8 
19 0 
Expense of 1st method 1 2 3 
0 6 9 
This gives a balance of 65. ^d. an acre in favour of scarifying. 
We do not wish these figures to be taken as absolute, or appli- 
cable to the same soil in different seasons, much more to other 
soils ; but it is as near an approximation to the truth as is 
possible, and the results may be taken as generally correct. We 
have purposely omitted the manure and expense of sowing either 
with or without a ploughing in order that the comparison |may 
be more perfect. 
On a few acres that were not so foul the land was ridged up 
without scarifying — the couch was picked off at little expense 
when the ridges were opened in the spring, and it was left in 
good condition by one ploughing and one half-ploughing. 
I 2 
